WikiWoordenboek:Lijst van Proto-Indo-Europese wortels
Deze lijst is overgenomen van de Engels Wikitionary en behoeft vertaling en bijwerking.
Hieronder staat een lijst van Proto-Indo-Europese wortels met hun grondbetekenissen en opmerkelijke in Indo-Europese dochtertalen geattesteerde reflexen.
Let op: hieronder vindt u alleen de wortels. Voor naamwoordstammen zie Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns. Zie ook w:Proto-Indo-European pronouns and particles en w:Proto-Indo-European numerals.
b
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bak- | staf, stok | Nederlands dial. peg ‘knop, houten pin’, Oudiers bacc ‘haak, kromstaf’, Latijn baculum ‘staf, stok’, Oudgrieks báktron ‘stok’, Litouws bàkstelėti ‘stoten, duwen’ | peil, pegel |
| *bel- | groot, krachtig | Nederlands pal ‘vast, onbeweeglijk’, Welsh balch ‘trots’, Latijn dēbilis ‘verlamd, zwak, gebrekkig’, Oudgrieks beltiōn (βελτίων) ‘beter’, Frygisch balaios ‘groot, snel’, balén ‘koning’, Russisch bol'šoj (большой) ‘groot’, Sanskriet bálam (बल) ‘kracht’ | pal |
bʰ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bʰabʰ-eH₂- | boon | Old Prussian babo, Russ. боб (bob), Polish bób, Alb. bathë, Gm. bona/Bohne, Eng. bēan/bean, Welsh ffâen, ON baun, Lat. faba | boon |
| *bʰar-es- | spelt | Phryg. brisa, Eng. bærlic/barley, Oscan far, Umbrian far, Lat. farina, Welsh bara, Goth. barizīns, ON barr, OCS brašĭno | |
| *bʰardʰ-eH₂- | baard | Lith. barzda, Ltv. bārda, Eng. beard/beard, Gm. bart/Bart, Welsh barf, Polish broda, Russ. борода (boroda), ON barðr, Crimean Gothic bars, Lat. barba | baard |
| *bʰeH₂go- | beuk | Gm. buohha/Buche, Lat. fāgus, Gk. φηγός (phēgos), Eng. bēce/beech, ON bók, Gaul. Bāgācon, Russ. бузина (buzina), Polish buk, Gothic boka | beuk |
| *bʰei- | bij | Eng. bēo/bee, Lith. bitė, Ltv. bite, Ir. bech/bech, Russ. пчела (pčela), Gm. bīa/Biene, Polish pszczoła, Alb. bletë, Old Prussian bitte, Welsh begegyr, Gaul. bekos, ON bý, OCS Lat. fūcus | bij |
| *bʰel- | licht, helder | Gaul. Belenos, Lith. blagnytis; baltas, Ltv. balts, Skr. भर्ग (bharga); भालम् (bhālam), Phryg. falos, Alb. ballë, Illyr. balta, Arm. բալ (bal/pal), Gk. φλέγω (phlegō); φαλός (phalos), ON bāl; blár; bleikr, Russ. белый (belyj), Polish biały, Eng. blæcern/; blǣcan/bleach; blǣwen/, Gm. blecken/blecken; bleich/bleich; blāo/blau, Goth. bala, Ir. beltene/bealtaine; blár/, Welsh bal; blawr, Thrac. balios, Old Prussian ballo, Lat. flagrāre; flāvus, Oscan Flagiúi; Flaviies, Toch. pälk/pälk | bleek |
| *bʰel- | bloeien | Lat. folium; flos, Gk. φύλλον (phullon), Eng. blōstm/blossom, Ir. bláth/, Gm. bluomo/Blume, ON blómi, Toch. pält/pilta, Welsh blawd, Goth. blōma, Oscan Fluusaí, Alb. bulë | bloem, bloesem |
| *bʰenǵʰ | dik | Gm. bungo/, Ltv. biezs, Toch. /pkante, Hitt. panku, Gk. παχύς/ (pakhus/), Skr. बहु (bahu), Av. bązah, ON bingr | ? |
| *bʰer- | bruin, shining | Ltv. bērs; bebrs, Lith. bėras; bebras, Old Prussian bebrus, Gaul. Bibrax, Welsh befer, Eng. brūn/brown; bera/bear; beofer/beaver, Gm. brūn/braun; bero/Bär; bibar/Biber, ON brúnn; bjǫrn; bjórr, Skr. भाति (bhāti), Av. bawra, Lat. fiber, Russ. бобр (bobr), Toch. parno/perne; paräṁ/perne | bruin |
| *bʰer- | dragen | Skr. भरति (bharati), Av. baraiti, Russ. беру (beru), Ir. berim/beirim, Welsh cymmeryd, Arm. բերել (berel/perel), Alb. bie, Gk. φέρω (pherō), Lat. fero, Umbrian fertu, Eng. beran/bear, Gm. burde/Burde, Toch. pär/pär, Lith. berti, Ltv. bērt, Kamviri bor, Phryg. ber, Goth. bairan, ON bera, OCS berǫ, Pers. baratuv/bār, Polish brać, Hitt. pē-har(k) | geboren |
| *bʰer- | koken | Russ. бурлить (burlit'), Alb. burmë, Gaul. Voberā, Ir. bréo/, Welsh beru, Eng. brǣþ/breath, Gm. brādam/Brodem, ON bráðr, Gk. φύρδην μίγδην (phurdēn-migdēn), Skr. भुरति (bhurati) | braden? |
| *bʰeres- | levendig | Russ. борзой (borzoj), Lith. bruzdus, Gaul. brys, Ir. bras/, Polish bardzo, OCS brŭzŭ, Lat. festīnō | |
| *bʰerǵʰ- | fort | Russ. берег (bereg), Eng. burg/borough, Arm. բարձրութիւն (bardzrut'iun/partsrut'iun), Skr. बर्हयति (barhayati), Av. bərəzant, Gaul. Bergusia, Gm. berg/Burg, Hitt. parku, Toch. pärk/pärk, Welsh bre, Thrac. Berga, Goth. baírgahī, ON bjarg; borg, Pers. /burj, Ir. brí/, Illyr. Berginium, Greek πύργος, Welsh bera, Lyc. prije; pruwa, Lat. fortis, | burg, burcht |
| *bʰerǵʰ- | verbergen, beschermen | OCS brĕgą, Russ. беречь (bereč'), Eng. byrgan/bury, ON bjarga, Goth. bairgan, Gm. bergan/bergen | bergen |
| *bʰeudʰ- | wakker worden, opstaan | Skr. बोधति (bodhati); बुद्ध (buddha), Lith. budinti, Ltv. budīt, Old Prussian budē, Av. buiðyeiti, Ir. buide/buidhe, Welsh bodd, ON bjóða; boð, Gk. πυνθάνομαι (punthanomai), Eng. bēodan/bid; bodian/bode, Kamviri bidi, Russ. будить (budit'), Polish budzić, OCS bljudo, Gm. biotan/bieten; gibot/Gebot, Goth. anabiudan, Pers. /bēdār-šudan | bieden |
| *bʰeuH₂- (*bʰeuH₂mi [1ps]) | verschijnen, worden, oprichten | Skr. भू (bhū); भवति (bhavati), Lith. būti, Ltv. būt, Old Prussian būton, Russ. быть (byt'), Ir. buith/beith, Eng. beon/be, Gm. bim/bin, Kamviri bu, Polish być, Welsh bod, Gk. φύομαι (phuomai), Old Prussian būton, Oscan fiiet, Umbrian fust, Pers. būmī/bum, Av. bavaiti, Alb. buj, Arm. բոյս (boys/poys), Illyr. Bumi, Thrac. Kasibounon, Goth. bauan, Gaul. Vindobios, Toch. pyotk/pyautk, ON búa, OCS Lat. fuī | ben |
| *bʰleH₁- | to bleat | Alb. blegë, Lith. bliauti, Ltv. blēt, Eng. blǣtan/bleat, Gk. βελάζο (belazō), Russ. блеять (blejat'), Lat. fleō | blaten |
| *bʰlēiǵ | to shine | Ltv. bližģēt, Lith. blaikštytis, Eng. blīcan/, Gm. blīhhan/Blech, ON blíkja, Russ. блеск (blesk), OCS bliskŭ | blijken, blikkeren |
| *bʰosó- | naakt | Russ. босой (bosoj), Lith. basas, Ltv. bass, Arm. բոկ (bok/pog), Eng. bær/bare, ON berr, Goth. bazis, Gk. ψιλός (psilos), Polish boso, Gm. bar/bar, OCS bosŭ | bar, barrevoets |
| *bʰred- | to wade | Alb. bredh, Ltv. brist; bridu, Lith. bristi; bredu, Russ. бреду (bredu), Polish brnąć, Thrac. Bredai | |
| *bʰruH- | balk, brug | Gaul. brīva, Eng. brycg/bridge, Gm. brugga/Brücke, ON brú, Russ. бревно (brevno), Polish birzwno, OCS brĭvŭno | brug |
| *bʰruH- | brow | Skr. भ्रू (bhrū), Lith. bruvis, Ir. bru/bruach, Eng. brū/brow, Russ. бровь (brov'), XMK abroutes, Gk. ὀφρύς (ophrus), Gm. /Braue, Toch. Old Prussian wubri, Polish brew, OCS bruvi, ON brún, Pers. /abru | wenkbrauw |
| *bʰréh₂tēr | broeder, broer | Arm. եղբայր (ełbayr/yeġbayr/yeġpayr), Eng. brōþor/brother, Kashmiri boy, Umbrian fratrom, Gk. φράτηρ (phrātēr), Toch. pracer/procer, Kamviri bṛo, Russ. брат (brat), Gm. bruoder/Bruder, Welsh brawd, Skr. भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), Ir. bráthir/bráthair, Lith. brolis, Ltv. brālis, Gaul. brātir, Pers. brātar/barādar, Phryg. brater, Illyr. bra, Goth. brōþar, ON bróðir, Old Prussian brāti, OCS Osset. ærvad/, Av. brātar, Oscan fratrúm, Polish brat, Venetic vhraterei, Lyd. brafr-, Kurd. bra, Lat. frāter | broeder, broer |
| *bʰudʰ-no-, *bʰudʰ-mn̥- | bodem | Skr. बुध्न (budhna), Av. bŭnō, Arm. բուն (bun/pun), Ir. bond/bonn, Gk. πυθμήν (puthmēn), Lat. fundus, Gm. bodam/boden, Eng. botm/bottom, ON botn, Welsh bôn, Pers. /bun | bodem |
| *bʰuHgos- | geit | Av. būza. Pers. /buz, Arm. բուզ (buz/puz), Ir. bocc/boc, Welsh bwch, ON bukkr, Eng. buc/buck, Gm. boc/Bock, Gaul. bucca | bok |
| *bʰérH₁ǵo- | berk | Russ. берёза (berjoza), Polish brzoza, Lith. beržas, Ltv. bērzs, Osset. bärz, Skr. भूर्ज (bhūrja), Gm. birihha/Birke, ON bjǫrk, Old Prussian berse, Eng. birce/birch, Thrac. berzas, OCS breza, Lat. frāxinus, Alb. bredh | berk |
d
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *deh₁- | to bind | Alb. duaj, Gk. δεσμός (desmos), Skr. द्यति (dyati), Av. nīdyātąm | |
| *deh₂iwer- | husband's brother | Skr. देवर (devara), Russ. деверь (dever'), Polish dziewierz, Lith. dieveris, Ltv. dieveris, Gm. zeihhur/—, Eng. tācor/—, Gk. Arm. տայգր (taygr/daykr), OCS dĕverĭ, Kurd. diš | |
| *deh₃- | to give | Russ. дать; давать (dat'; davat'), Arm. տալ (tal/dal), Lith. duoti, Ltv. dot; deva, Skr. दा (dā); ददाति (dadāti), Av. dadāiti, Osset. daettyn, Alb. dhashë, Gk. δίδωμι (didōmi), Kashmiri dẏyūn, Polish dać, Phryg. dadón, Old Prussian dātwei, Lat. dare, Oscan dede, Umbrian dadad, Ir. dán/, Welsh dawn, Hitt. dā, Lyc. da, Luw. da-, Lyd. da-, Gaul. doenti, OCS Pers. dadātuv/dādan | |
| *dem-h₂- | to domesticate, tame | Skr. दाम्यति (dāmyati), Gk. damnanai, Ir. damnaim/, Hitt. damaašzi, Av. dam, Lat. domāre, Eng. tam/tame, Gm. zemmen/zähmen, Goth. gatamjan, ON temja, Osset. domun, Pers. /dām, Welsh addef | |
| *deuk- | to lead | Alb. nduk, Eng. togian/tow, Gm. ziohan/ziehen, Goth. tiuhan, ON toginn, Gk. ἀδευκής/ (adeukēs/), Lat. dūcō | |
| *deḱs- | right (direction) | Gaul. Dexsiva, Lat. dexter, Umbrian destrame, Lith. dešinė, Av. dašina, Alb. djathtë, Gm. zeso/, Welsh deheu, Oscan destrst, Gk. δεξιός (deksios), Skr. दक्षिण (dakšiṇa), Goth. taíhswa, Ir. dech/, Toch. täk/, OCS desnaya; desnŭ, Russ. десница (desnitsa), Kashmiri dạchūn | |
| *dhǵʰyes- | yesterday | Eng. geostran/yesterday, Alb. dje, Skr. ह्यस् (hyas), Av. zyō, Pers. diyaka/dīg, Gk. χθές (khthes), Lat. herī, Welsh ddoe, Ir. indhé/an(d)é, Goth. gistradagis, ON í gǽr, Gm. gesteron/gestern | |
| *dlegʰ- | to engage oneself | Ir. dliged/dlígheadh, Welsh dyled, Eng. plegian/play; pliht/plight, Gm. pflegan/pflegen; pfliht/Pflicht, Lat. indulgēre; plevium, Russ. долг (dolg), Polish dług, OCS dlŭgŭ | |
| *dluH₂gʰó- | long | Hitt. dalugaes, Russ. долгий (dolgij), Lith. ilgas, Ltv. ilgs, Skr. दीर्घ (dīrgha), Av. darəga, Welsh dala, Lat. longus, Gaul. Loggostalētes, Pers. darga/derāz, Eng. lang/long; lencten/lent, Gm. lang/lang; lenzo/Lenz, ON langr, Goth. laggs, Alb. gjatë, Gk. δολιχός (dolikhos), Old Prussian ilgi, Ir. long/, OCS Polish długi, Welsh dal, Kashmiri dūr | |
| * | tongue | Lat. lingua, Ir. tenge/teanga, Eng. tunge/tongue, Goth. tuggo, ON tunga, Skr. जिह्वा (jihvā), Av. hizvā, Russ. язык (jazyk) Lith. liežuvis, Arm. լեզու (lezu), Gm. zunga/Zunge, Welsh tafod, Kamviri dic, Pers. hizbāna/zabān, Old Prussian insuwis, Toch. käntu/kantwo | |
| *dom-, *dóm-o- | house | Skr. दम (dama), Av. dąm, Gk. δόμος (domos), Lat. domus, Russ. дом (dom), Polish dom, Eng. timber/timber, Gm. zimbar/Zimmer, ON timbr, Umbrian dâmoa, Arm. տուն (tun/dun), Lith. namas, Ltv. nams, Welsh tŷ, Toch. tam/täm | |
| *dous- | forearm | Skr. दोस्(dos), Av. daoš, Ir. doít/doíd, Lith. dilbis, Ltv. paduse, Russ. пазуха (pazuxa), Pers. /doš | |
| *dra- | to run | Skr. द्राति (drāti), Russ. удирать (udirat'), Gk. ἀπόδρασις (apodrasis); δρόμος (dromos), Illyr. Dravos, Lith. drebėti, Gm. /Trappel, Goth. anatrimpan, Av. draonah | |
| *drem- | to sleep | Russ. дремать (dremat'), Skr. द्रायति (drāyati), Gk. δαρθάνω/ (darthanō/), Lat. dormiō, Arm. տարտամ (tartam/dardam), Polish drzemać, OCS dremlju | |
| *dus- | to fail | Skr. दुष्यति (duṣyati), Av. duš, Gk. δέω (deō), Ir. do-/, Arm. ետեւը (etevĕ/yetevĕ/yedevĕ), Goth. tuz-, ON tjón, Eng. tēona/, Gm. zur-/, OCS dŭždĭ, Russ. дождь (dožd'), Polish deszcz, Pers. dušiyaram/, | |
| * | two | Arm. երկու (erku/yerku/yergu), Alb. dy/dy, Lith. du/dvi, Ltv. divi, Gaul. vo, Gm. zwene/zwei, Eng. twā/two, Gk. δύο (duō), Av. duua, Hitt. dā-, Ir. dá/dó, Kashmiri zū', Lyc. tuwa, Kamviri dü, Lat. duo, Oscan dus, ON tveir, Old Prussian dwāi, Osset. dyuuæ/duuæ, Pers. duva/do, OCS Polish dwa, Russ. два (dva), Skr. द्व (dva), Toch. wu/wi, Umbrian tuf, Goth. twai, Welsh dau | |
| *dáḱru- | tear (drop from eye) |
Gk. δάκρυ (dakru), Gm. zahar/Zähre, Eng. tēar/tear, Skr. अश्रु (aśru), Old Lat. decrimare, Lat. lacrĭma, Lith. ašara, Ltv. asara, Welsh deigryn, Ir. dér/déar, Toch. ākär/akrūna, Goth. tagr, ON tár, Arm. արչունք (arc'unk'), Av. asrūazan | |
| *déi-no- | day | Russ. день (den'), Ir. denus/, Lith. diena, Ltv. diena, Skr. दिन (dina), Lat. diēs, Alb. gdhin, Welsh dydd, Polish dzień, Ir. día/dia, Goth. sintīns, Old Prussian deinan, Eng. lencten/lent, Gm. lenzo/Lenz, OCS | |
| *déiw-o- | god, i.e. 'shining' | Skr. देव (deva), Av. daēva, Lat. deus, Lith. dievas, Ltv. dievs, Old Prussian deiws, Oscan diúveí, Umbrian di, Gaul. Dēvona, Gk. Ζεύς (Zeus), Phryg. tios, Russ. диво (divo), Polish dziw, Kamviri di, Eng. Tiw/Tuesday, Gm. Ziu/—, ON Týr, Goth. Tyz, Welsh duw, Ir. día/día, Lyc. ziw, Luw. tiwat-, Lyd. Divi-, Palaic tiyaz, Arm. տիվ (tiv/div) | |
| * | ten | Arm. տասն (tasn)/տաս (tas)/տասը (dasĕ), Alb. dhjetë/dhetë, Lith. dešimt, Ltv. desmit, Gaul. decam, Gm. zēhen/zehn, Dacian dece-, Eng. tīen/ten, Gk. δέκα (deka), Av. dasa, Ir. deich/deich, Kashmiri da.h, Kamviri duc, Lat. decem, Oscan deken, ON tíu, Old Prussian desīmtan, Osset. dæs/dæs, Pers. daθa/dah, OCS Polish dziesięć, Russ. десять (desjat'), Skr. दश (daśa), Toch. śäk/śak, Umbrian desem, Goth. taihun, Welsh deg | |
| * | tree | Arm. ծառ (caṙ/dzaṙ), Lith. derva, Ltv. dreve, Gaul. Dervus, Russ. дерево (derevo), Eng. trēow/tree, Hitt. taru, Luw. tarweja-, Gk. δρῦς (drus), Lat. durus, Alb. dru/drû, Ir. dair/dair, Toch. or, Kamviri dâa, Pers. /deraxt, Polish drzewo, Welsh derwen, Skr. दारु (dāru), Av. dāuru, Goth. triu, ON tré, Old Prussian drawine, OCS XMK darullos |
dʰ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dʰal- | to blossom | Alb. dal, Arm. դալար (dalar/talar), Gk. θάλλω (thallō), Welsh dail, Ir. duille/ | |
| *dʰeb- | fat | Russ. дебелый (debelyj), Old Prussian debīkan, Toch. tpär/täpr, ON dapr, Gm. taphar/tapfer, Ltv. dabļš, OCS | |
| *dʰegʷh- | to burn | Lith. degti, Ltv. degt, Lat. fovēre, Russ. дёготь;сжигать; жгучий (diogot'; sžigat'; žgučij), Alb. djek, Ir. daig/, Skr. दहति (dahati), Av. dažaiti, Old Prussian dagis, Pers. /dāġ, Gk. τέφρα (tephra), Toch. tsäk/tsäk, OCS Polish żgę, Eng. dǣg/day | |
| *dʰeh₁(i)- | to suck/suckle | Alb. djathë, Arm. դիեմ (diem/tiem), Lith. dėlė, Ltv. dēls, Old Prussian dadan, Ir. diul/diuilim, Welsh dynu, Eng. delu/—, Gm. tāen/—; tila/—, Goth. daddjan, ON dilkr, Skr. धयति (dhayati), Av. daēnu, Pers. dadan/, Lat. fēmina; fētus; fēllāre, Umbrian feliuf, Gk. θηλύ (thēlē); θῆλυς (thēlus), OCS Russ. доить (doit'), Polish doić | |
| *dʰeh₁- | to place, set, put | Skr. दधाति (dadhāti), Av. daðaiti, Lat. faciō, Oscan faciiad, Umbrian feitu, Hitt. dai, Pers. adadā/, Gk. τίθημι/ (tithēmi/), Lith. dėti, Ltv. dēt, Polish dziać; działać, Russ. деть; делать (det'; delat'), Eng. dōn/do, Gm. tuon/tun, Goth. gadeths, ON dalidun, Phryg. dak-, Gaul. dede, Thrac. didzos, Alb. ndonj, Toch. täs/täs, Welsh dall, Arm. դնել (dnel/tnel), Lyc. ta-, OCS | |
| *dʰeiǵʰ- | to mold | Gk. τεῖχος (teikhos), Ir. digen/, Russ. дежа (deža), Eng. dāg/dough, Goth. daigs, ON deig, Gm. teig/Teig, Skr. दिह् (dih); देग्धि (degdhi), Lat. fingere, Av. pairidaēza, Pers. didā/dēz, Arm. դեզ (dez/tez), Thrac. -dizos, Umbrian fikla, Lith. žiest, Ltv. ziest, Old Prussian siduko, Oscan feíhúss, Toch. tsek/tsik | |
| *dʰel- | light | Alb. diell, Arm. դեղլն (dełin/deġin/teġin), Eng. deall/, ON Dellingr, Ir. dellrad/ | |
| *dʰergʰen- | thorn | Skr. द्राक्ष (drākṣa), Gm. tirnpauma/dirnbaum, Welsh draen, Ir. draigen/droigheann, Lith. drignės, Ltv. driģenes, Russ. дёрн (djorn), Polish drzazga | |
| *dʰers- | to dare | Skr. धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇoti), Russ. дерзнуть; дерзкий (derznut'; derzkij), Lat. infestus, OCS Old Prussian dyrsos, Eng. dearr/dare, Gm. giturran/—; gitar/, Gk. θράσος (thrasos), Lith. drįsti, Ltv. drošs, Pers. adaršnauš, Av. daršam, Goth. gadars | |
| *dʰeub- | deep | Lith. dubti, Ltv. dubens, Gaul. Dubnorīx, Illyr. dubris, Goth. diups, ON diupr, Eng. dēop/deep, Gk. βυθός (buthos), Gm. tiof/tief, Welsh dwfn, Ir. domain/, OCS Russ. дно; дупло (dno; duplo), Polish dno | |
| *dʰrei- | to defecate | Russ. дристать (dristat'), ON dríta, Lith. dergti, Gk. δαρδαίνει (dardainei), Lat. foria, Gm. trīzan/ | |
| *dʰreugʰ- | to deceive | Lith. draugas, Ltv. draugs, ON draugr, Skr. द्रुह्यति (druhyati), Av. družaiti, Eng. drēam/dream, Gm. troum/Traum, Pers. drauga/, Ir. aurddrach/ | |
| *dʰugH₂-tér- | daughter | Skr. दुहितृ (duhitṛ), Gk. θυγάτηρ (thugatēr), Toch. ckācar/tkacer, Eng. dohtor/daughter, OCS Russ. дочь; дочерь (doč'; dočer'), Arm. դուստր (dustr/tusdr), Gm. tohter/Tochter, Kamviri jü, Gaul. duxtīr, Pers. /doxtar, Lith. duktė, Old Prussian duckti, ON dóttir, Goth. dauhtar, Av. duydar, Luw. duttariyata, Hitt. duttariyatiyaš, Oscan futreí | |
| *dʰuH₁-mo- | smoke | Skr. धूम (dhūma), Old Prussian dumis, Russ. дым (dym), Lat. fūmus, Gm. toup/toben, Gk. θυμός (thumos), Toch. twe/tweye, Lith. dūmai, Ltv. dūmi, Eng. dōmian/dusk, Goth. dauns, ON daunn, Ir. dé/deathach, Welsh dywy, Oscan Mefit, Polish dym, Pers. /dud, OCS | |
| *dʰwer- | door | Arm. դուռն (duṙn/)դուռ (duṙ/tuṙ), Russ. дверь (dver'), Skr. द्वार् (dvār), Av. dvarəm, Alb. derë, ON dyrr, Eng. duru/door, Gaul. doro, Gk. θύρα (thura), Lith. durys, Ltv. durvis, Old Prussian dwaris, Lat. fores, Umbrian furo, Gm. tor/Tür, Ir. dorus/doras, Toch. —/twere, Kamviri du, Umbrian furo, Welsh dôr, Goth. daur, Polish drzwi, Pers. duvaraya/dar, Thrac. dur, OCS | |
| * | earth | Phryg. zemelo; zamelon, Thrac. semele; semela, Pers. zam, Skr. क्ष (kṣa), Gk. χθών (khthōn), Lat. humus, Goth. guma, ON gumi, Eng. guma/bridegroom, Gm. gomo/Bräutigam, Alb. dhè, OCS Russ. земля (zemlja), Ir. du/duine, Hitt. tekan, Luw. dakam-, Toch. tkam/keṃ, Kashmiri za.min, Lith. žemė, Ltv. zeme, Old Prussian same, Welsh dyn, Oscan huntruis, Umbrian hondomu, Pers. zamin, Osset. zæxx/, Polish ziemia | |
| *dʰǵʰu- | fish | Lith. žuvis, Ltv. zivs, Arm. ձուկն (dzukn/) ձուկ (dzuk/cug), Gk. ἰχθύς (ikhthus), Old Prussian suckis |
ǵ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ǵebʰ- | kaak | Duits Kiefer ‘kinnebak, kieuw’, Litouws žebiu, Tsjechisch žábry v. mv. ‘kieuwen’, Avestisch zafar ‘mond’ | kevel |
| *ǵeme- | to marry | Skr. जामातर् (jāmātar), Av. zāmātar, Gk. γαμβρός (gambros), Lat. gener | |
| *ǵenH₁- (*ǵénH₁ō [1ps]) | to give birth | Gk. γένος (genos), Lat. genus, Eng. cyn/kin; cyning/king, Gm. kind/Kind; kuning/König, Russ. зять (zjat'), Av. zīzənti, Skr. जाति (jāti), Kamviri zut, Thrac. zenis, Phryg. cin, Ir. adgainemmar/geinim, Goth. kuni, Lith. gimdyti, Ltv. znots, Welsh geni, Gaul. Cintugnātus, ON kind; konungr, Pers. /zāēdan, Hitt. genzu, Arm. ծնել (cnel/dznel), Toch. kän/kän, Alb. dhëndër/dhândër, Oscan Genetaí, Umbrian natine, OCS zętĭ | |
| *ǵenu- | kin, kaak | Nederlands kin, Welsh gen, Latijn gena ‘wang’, Tochaars A śanwem (tweevoud) ‘kaken’, Oudgrieks génys ‘kin, kinnebak’, Litouws žandás ‘kaakbeen’, Avestisch zānu-, Sanskriet hánuḥ ‘kin’ | kin |
| *ǵeus- | taste | Lat. dēgūnō, Goth. kiusan, Gm. kiosan/kiesen, Skr. जोषति (joṣati), Av. zaošō, Alb. dashur, Polish gust, Eng. ceosan/choose, Pers. dauš/, Ir. asagussim/—, Gk. γεύομαι (geuomai) | |
| *ǵloh₂-u- | broers vrouw | Latijn glōs ‘echtgenoot's zus, broers vrouw’, Oudgrieks gálōs, Pools zełwa, zołwa ‘echtgenoot's zus’, Oudarmeens tal ‘echtgenoot's zus’, Sanskriet giri ‘schoonzus’ | |
| *ǵlákts- | melk | Latijn lāc (2e nv. lactis), Middeliers glas, Hettitisch galaktar ‘balsem, hars’, Oudgrieks gála (2e nv. gálaktos), Albanees dhallë ‘karnemelk’, Oudarmeens katʿn, Waigali zōr | |
| *ǵneH₃- | to know | Lat. cognoscō, OCS Russ. знать (znat'), Polish znać, Lith. žinoti, Ltv. zināt, Skr. जानाति (jānāti), Av. paitizānənti, Eng. cnāwan/know, Toch. knān/nān, Ir. /gnath, Gk. γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), Alb. njeh, Hitt. kanes, Arm. ծանօթ (canōt'/dzanōt'), Kashmiri zānun, Osset. zon, Gm. kunnan/können; irchennan/kennen, Pers. xšnāsātiy/, ON kunna; kenna, Old Prussian posinnāts, Goth. kunnan; kannjan, Umbrian naratu, Welsh gnawd | |
| *ǵr̥H₁-no- | corn | Lat. grānum, Ir. grán/grán, OCS Russ. зерно (zerno), Polish ziarno, Lith. žirnis, Ltv. zirnis, Gm. kerno/Korn, Welsh grawn, Eng. corn/corn, Old Prussian syrne, ON korn, Goth. kaúrn | |
| *ǵénu- | knie | Nederlands knie, Tochaars A/B kanwem/keni (tweevoud), Latijn genū, Oudgrieks góny, Hettitisch gienu, Perzisch zānū, Sanskriet jā́nu | knie |
| *ǵómbʰo- | tand | Nederlands kam, Tochaars A/B kam/keme, Oudgrieks gómphos ‘houten pin’, Albanees dhëmb, Litouws žam̃bas, Russisch zub, Sanskriet jámbhaḥ | kam |
ǵʰ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ǵʰh₂éns- | gans | Nederlands gans, Oudiers géiss ‘zwaan’, Latijn ānser, Oudgrieks khḗn, Litouws žąsìs, Russisch gusʹ, Albanees gatë ‘reiger’, Avestisch zāō, Sanskriet haṁsāḥ ‘gans, zwaan’ | gans |
| *ǵʰazdʰo- | stok, stengel | Nederlands ga(a)rd ‘roe, stok; oude lengtemaat; keukengerei’, Middeliers gat ‘wilgentwijgje’ | gard, gaard |
| *ǵʰast-o/eh₂- | stok, stengel | Latijn hasta ‘speer’, Middeliers gass ‘takje’ | |
| *ǵʰel- | to shine | Lat. helvus; fel, Lith. gelta; žalias; želta, Ltv. dzeltens; zaļš; zelts, Russ. жёлтый; зелёный; золото (žëltyj; zelënyj; zoloto), Gm. gelo/gelb; gold/Gold, Phryg. zelkia, Eng. geolu/yellow; gold/gold, Alb. dhelpër/dhelpën, Welsh glan, Ir. gel/gealach, Polish żółty; zielony; złoto, Gk. χλωρός (khlōros), ON gulr; gull, Pers. /zard; daraniya/, Av. zaray; zaranya, Goth. gulþ, Skr. हरि (hari); हिरण्य (hiraṇya), Old Prussian gelatynan; saligan; sealtmeno, OCS зльтъ (zlĭtŭ); зєлєнъ (zelenŭ); злато; (zlato) | geel, goud |
| *ǵʰelun-eH₂- | pine | Gk. χεῖλος (kheilos), Arm. ջելուն (jelun/čelun), ON giolnar, Lith. pušis, Ir. /giúis | |
| *ǵʰer- | darm | Nederlands garen ‘draad’, Latijn hernia ‘darmbreuk’, hīra ‘deel dunne darmen’, mv. ‘ingewand’, Oudgrieks khordḗ ‘darm(snaar), band’, Litouws žarnà ‘darm’, Sanskriet híraḥ ‘band, reep’, hirā́ ‘ader’ | garen |
| *ǵʰer- | to enclose | Lith. gardas; žardas, Ltv. zārds, Phryg. gordum, Lat. hortus, Skr. हरति (harati), Welsh garth, Eng. geard/yard, Gm. garto/Garten, ON garðr, Gk. χόρτος (khortos), Ir. /gort, Oscan herííad, Gaul. gorto, Hitt. gurtas, Goth. garda, Alb. gardh, Russ. город (gorod) | gaard |
| *ǵʰers- | rigid | Alb. derr, Skr. हर्षते (harṣate), Av. zaršayamna, Arm. ձար (dzar/car), Gk. χέρσος (khersos), Lat. horrēo, Ir. garb/garbh, Welsh garw, Eng. gorst/ | |
| *ǵʰeu- | pour | Lat. fūtis, Gk. χύνω (khunō), Skr. जुहोति (juhoti), Goth. giutan, Gm. giozan/giessen, Eng. guttas/gut, ON gjóta, Arm. ձուլել (dzulel/culel), Av. zaotar, Pers. /zōr, Toch. ku/ku, Phryg. Zeuman; *ǵʰuto- "poured, libated" | gieten |
| *ǵʰwel- | to bend | Ltv. nuožvelnus, Ltv. zvelt, Russ. злой (zloj), Polish zły, Skr. ह्वरति (hvarati), Av. zbarəmnəm, Pers. /zūr | |
| *ǵʰwen- | to sound | OCS Russ. звон (zvon), Arm. ձայն (dzayn/cayn), Alb. zë/zâ, Toch. kaṁ/kene, Polish dzwon, Lith. žvengti, Ltv. zviegt | |
| *ǵʰwer- | beest, wild dier | Latijn ferus, Tochaars A/B śaru/śerwe, Oudgrieks thḗr, Litouws žvėrìs, Russisch zverʹ | |
| *ǵʰéi-ōm (obl. *ǵʰim-) | winter | Latijn hiems, Oudiers gamh, Hettitisch gimmanz, Oudgrieks khiṓn, kheîma ‘sneeuw’, kheimṓn ‘winter’, Litouws žiemà, Russisch zimá, Albanees dimër, Oudarmeens jiwn ‘sneeuw’, jmeṙn ‘winter’, Avestisch ziiā̊, Sanskriet híma- ‘winter’, himás ‘sneeuw’ | |
| *ǵʰés- | hand | Oudlatijn hestos, Litouws pažastė̃ ‘oksel’, Avestisch zasta, Sanskriet hástas; *ǵʰesr-: Hettitisch kiššar, Oskisch-Umbrisch hír ‘holle van de hand’, Tochaars A/B tsar/ṣar, Albanees dorë, Oudgrieks kheír, Oudarmeens jeṙn, Thracisch heris |
g
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *golH-o- | naakt | Nederlands kaal, Lets gāle ‘ijsblad, ijzel’, Russisch gólyj ‘kaal, naakt’, Albanees dial. gul ‘hoornloos’ | kaal |
| *gang- | to mock | Skr. गञ्ज (gañja), Eng. canc/, Gk. γαγγαίνειν/ (gaggainein/), Russ. гугня (gugnja), Ir. géim/, OCS gǫgŭnivŭ | |
| *gel- | cold | OCS hlad, Lat. gelū, Oscan gelan, Eng. ceald/cold, Lith. gelmenis, Gm. kalt/kalt, Russ. холод (xolod), Polish chłód, Gk. γελανδρόν (gelandron), ON kaldr, Goth. kalds | koud |
| *gerh₂- | kraanvogel | Nederlands kraan, Welsh garan, Latijn grūs, Oudgrieks géranos, Litouws garnỹs ‘reiger, ooievaar’, Pools żuraw, Armeens kṙunk, Ossetisch zærnyg, zyrnæg | kraan |
| *gerbʰ- | to scratch | Russ. жребий (žrebij), Old Prussian gīrbin, Gk. γράφω (graphō), Gm. kerban/kerben, Eng. ceorfan/carve, Arm. կերել (kerel/gerel), Alb. gërvish, Ltv. grīpsta, OCS žrĕbŭ | |
| *grabʰ- | haagbeuk | Litouws grabis, Russisch grab, Oud-Macedonisch grấbion ‘eikenhout, brandhout’; misschien Oudiers garmne ‘kettingboom’ | |
| *greh₃-d- | hagel | Latijn grandō, Russisch grad, Armeens karkut, Sogdisch žyδn, Sanskriet hrādúni | |
| *gras- | to gnaw | Gk. γράω (graō), Skr. ग्रसति (grasati), Russ. грызть (gryzt'), Lat. grānem | |
| *gwéri- | handmolen, molensteen | Arm. երկան (erkan/yerkan/yergan), Skr. ग्रावन् (grāvan), Welsh breuan, Eng. cweorn/quern, Gm. quirn/Querne, ON kvern, Goth. qairnus, Ir. braó/, Lith. girna, Ltv. dzirnus, Old Prussian girnoywis, Russ. жёрнов (žjornov), Polish żarno | kweern |
gʰ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gʰabʰ- | to take | Eng. giefan/give, Skr. गभस्ति (gabhasti), Alb. grabit/grabis, Gm. geban/geben, ON gefa, Goth. giban, Lat. habēre, Oscan hafíar, Umbrian habe, Ir. gaibid/, Welsh gafael, Lith. gabana, Ltv. gabana, Gaul. gabi, OCS gobino | geven |
| *gʰaido- | goat | Lat. haedus, Goth. gaits, Gm. geiz/Geiss, ON geit, Eng. gāt/goat | geit |
| *gʰedʰ- | to join, to unite | Lith. guodas, Ltv. gods, Eng. gōd/good, Gm. guot/gut, Goth. gōþs; gōds, ON gōðr, Skr. गध्य (gadhya), OCS godŭ, Russ. год (god), Polish gody, Toch. kātk/kātk | goed |
| *gʰel- | to call | Eng. gellan/yell, Gk. χελιδών (khelidōn), Skr. प्रगल्भ (pragalbha), Goth. gōljan, Gm. gellan/gellen, Lith. gulbinti/, ON gjalla | gillen |
| *gʰelōu- | tortoise | Gk. χελώνη (khelōnē), OCS želŭvĭ, Russ. жолвь (žolv'), Lith. želvė, Polish żółw | |
| *gʰend- | to take | Alb. gjend, Eng. begetan/beget; forgetan/forget, Gm. firgezzen/vergessen, ON geta, Goth. bigitan, Gk. χανδάρω (khandarō), Ir. geind/geinn, Welsh gaing, Lat. prehendere | vergeten |
| *gʰers- | horror | Nederlands garstig ‘ranzig; gortig’, Nieuwiers goirt ‘bitter’, Tochaars B kras ‘doen afschrikken’, Litouws grasà ‘bedreiging, gestrengheid’, grasùs ‘vervelend, walgelijk’, Oudarmeens garšim ‘verafschuwen’ | garstig |
| *gʰleu- | to joke | Eng. glēo/glee, Lith. glauda, Ltv. glaust, Gk. χλεύη (khleuē), ON glý, Russ. глум (glum), OCS bezŭ gluma | ? |
| *gʰos-ti- | stranger/guest | Lat. hostis, OCS Russ. гость (gost'), Gm. gast/Gast, Goth. gasts, Polish gość, Eng. gæst/, ON gestr, Luw. gaši | gast |
| *gʰou-r- ~ *gʰeu-r- | pijn, smart | Oudiers gúre ‘pijnscheut, weeën’, Gotisch gaurs ‘gekrenkt, droevig’, Litouws žiaurùs ‘wreed, woest’, Sanskriet ghorá- ‘verschrikkelijk’ | ? |
| *gʰreH₁- | to grow, to become green | Eng. grōwan/grow; grēne/green; græs/grass, Gm. gruoen/— , gruoni/grün, gras/Gras, Goth. gras, ON groa; grænn; gras | groeien, groen, gras |
| *gʰrendʰ- | beam | Lith. grindys, Ltv. grīda, ON grind, Polish grzęda, Russ. гряда (grjada), Kamviri ugṛa, Eng. grindel/, Gm. grindil | grendel |
| *gʰérsdʰo- | gerst | Nederlands gerst, Latijn hordeum, Oudgrieks krīthḗ ‘gerstekorrel’, Albanees drithë ‘zaad’, Armeens gari | gerst |
| *gʰwiH₁bʰ- | pudenda | Eng. wīf/wife; wīf-man/woman, Gm. wíb/Weib, ON víf, Toch. kip/kwīpe | wijf |
gʷ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gʷeH₂dʰ- | to sink | Gk. βάθος (bathos), Skr. गाहते (gāhate), Av. vigāθō, Ir. bádud/báthaim, Welsh boddi)zinken | |
| *gʷeiH₃- | sinew | Lat. fīlum, OCS žitsa, Russ. жила (žila), Arm. jil/čil, Lith. gija, Ltv. dzija, Welsh giau, Polish żyła | |
| *gʷeiH₃w- | to live | Skr. जीवति (jīvati), Lat. vivere, Lith. gyventi, Ltv. dzīvs, Old Prussian gi(j)wan, OCS žiti, Russ. жить (žit'), Polish żyć, Eng. cwicu/quick, ON kvikr, Gm. quec/keck, Goth. quis, Gk. βίος (bios), Ir. bethu/beatha, Welsh byd, Gaul. Biturīges, Pers. gaiθā/zēstan, Av. gaēθā; jiġaēsa, Toch. śo/śai, Arm. keam/geam, Oscan bivus | leven |
| *gʷelbʰ- | womb | Eng. wamb/womb, Gm. wamba/Wamme, Goth. wamba, ON vomb, Skr. गर्भ (garbha), Gk. δελφύς (delphus), Lith. gimda, | |
| *gʷem-, *gʷeH₂- | to come | Lat. veniō, Skr. जिगाति (jigāti), Av. jamaiti, Toch. kum/käm, Eng. cuman/come, Arm. yeki/yegi, Gm. coman/kommen, Kamviri âca, ON koma, Pers. jamijāh/, Goth. qiman, Oscan kúmbennieís, Lith. gimti, Ltv. dzimt, Old Prussian gimsenin, Alb. pregjim, Gk. βῆμα (bēma) | komen |
| *gʷer- | mount | Russ. гора (gora), Lith. guras, Skr. गिरि (giri), Av. gairi, Gk. δειράς (deiras), Alb. gur, Arm. ler, Polish góra, OCS gora) | beklimmen |
| *gʷer- | to devour | Alb. ngrënë/ngranë, Arm. ker/ger, Lith. gerti, Ltv. dzert, Ir. bráge/bráighid, Welsh breuant, Skr. गिरति (girati), Av. jaraiti, Gk. βορά (bora); βρῶμα (brōma), Lat. vorāre, Gm. quedar/Köder, ON krás, Russ. жрать (žrat'), Polish żreć | verorberen |
| *gʷer- | to praise | Lat. grātēs, Russ. жрец (žrets), Alb. grish, Lith. girti, Ltv. dzirt, Skr. गृनाति (gṛnāti), Ir. bard/bárd, Old Prussian girtwei, Toch. krant-/krent-, Welsh bardd, Oscan brateis, Av. aibigərənte | prijzen |
| *gʷerH₃- | heavy | Lat. gravis, Eng. cweorn/quern, Skr. गुरु (guru), Av. gouruzaθra, Lith. gurstu, Ltv. gurstu, Toch. krāmärts/krāmär, Gk. βάρος (baros), ON kvern, Goth. kaúrjōs, Pers. /girān, Welsh bryw, Ir. bair/, Old Prussian girnoywis, Gm. quirn/Querne, OCS žŭrnŭvi, Polish żarna, Russ. жёрнов (žjornov) | ? |
| *gʷetu- | resin | Gm. kuti/Kitt, Eng. cudu/cud, ON kváða, Skr. जतु (jatu), Lat. bitūmen, Welsh bedwen, Scottish Gaelic beithe | |
| *gʷou- | cow/bull | Skr. गो (go), Av. gáus, Ltv. govs, Russ. говядина (govjadina), Toch. ko/keŭ, Arm. kov/gov, Eng. cū/cow, Umbrian bum, Gk. βοῦς (bous), Ir. bó/bó, Welsh buw, Gm. kuo/Kuh, Kamviri go, Kashmiri gāv, Pers. —/gāv, Oscan buv-, ON kú, Osset. gal/ Thrac. bonassos | koe/stier |
| *gʷrebʰ- | womb | Gk. βρέφος (brephos), Ir. brommach/, OCS Russ. жеребёнок (žerebjonok), Polish źrebię) | baarmoeder |
| *gʷruHǵʰ- | to bite | Lith. graužti, Ltv. grauzt, Russ. грызть (gryzt'), Welsh brwyn, Polish gryźć, Alb. me gicë, Gk. βρύχω (brukhō), Ir. brón/brón, Arm. krcem/grdzem, OCS gryzǫ) | bijten |
| **gʷḗn | woman | OCS Russ. жена (žena), Polish żona, Av. gənā, Gk. γυνή (gunē), Eng. cwēn/queen, Skr. ग्ना (gnā); जनि (jani), Old Prussian genno, Arm. kin/gin, Alb. zonjë, Ir. ben/bean, Welsh benyw, Kashmiri zanānū', Goth. qino, ON kona, Gm. quena/—, Pers. /zan, Phryg. bonekos, Toch. śäṁ/śana, Luw. wanatti) |
gʷʰ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gʷʰeleǵʰ- | gland | Arm. gełdzk'/geġdz/keġc, Lith. geležuones, Russ. железа (železa), Polish zołza | ?blaas? |
| *gʷʰer- | warm | Alb. zjarr, Russ. жар (žar), Lith. garas, Ltv. gars, Phryg. germe, Arm. jerm/čerm, Eng. bearnan/burn, ON brenna, Gm. brinnan/brennen, Goth. brinnan, Gk. θερμός (thermos), Skr. घृण (ghṛṇa), Kashmiri germi, Thrac. germas, Pers. garmapada/garm, Ir. gorim/goraim, Hitt. war, Old Prussian goro, Av. garəma, Welsh gori, Kashmiri garū'm, Lat. furnus | branden |
| *gʷʰedʰ- | to ask | Eng. biddian/bid; bed/bead, Gm. pittan/bitten; beta/Gebet, Goth. bidjan; bida, ON biðja, Skr. गध्य (gadhya), Russ. пытать (pytat'), Lat. manifestus | bidden |
| *gʷʰen- | to press | Skr. हन्ति (hanti), Av. jainti, Lith. ginti, Ltv. dzīt, Old Prussian guntwei, Russ. жать; гнать (žat'; gnat'), Polish gnać, Alb. gjanj, Arm. gan/kan, Ir. gonim/gonadh, ON gunnr, Gk. θείνω (theinō), Hitt. kwen, Pers. ajanam/, Eng. gūþ/—, Gm. gundfano/—, OCS gŭnati | |
| *gʷʰen- | to strike, slay, kill | Eng. bana/bane, Pers. /zahr, Skr. हन्ति (hanti), Gm. pano/Bahn, ON bani, Goth. banja, Av. jainti, Arm. gan/kan, Gk. θείνω (theinō), Ir. gonim/, Alb. gjah, Lith. ginti, Ltv. dzīt, Russ. гнать (gnat'), Polish gnać, Hitt. kwen, Lyd. qẽn- | ban? |
| *gʷʰH₂í- | bright, shining | Lith. giedras, Ltv. dziedrs, Gk. φαιδρός (phaidros) |
h₁, e/o
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *h₁ar-mo- | arm | Osset. arm, Arm. armunk/armung, Lat. armus, OCS ramo, Goth. arms, Eng. earm/arm, Skr. ईर्म (īrma), Old Prussian irmo, Gm. aram/Arm, ON armr, Gk. arthron/ | arm |
| * *h₁dónts | tooth | Lat. dentis, Gk. odous/donti, Welsh dant, Lith. dantis, Skr. दत् (dat), Marathi /dat, Eng. tōþ/tooth, Gm. zand/Zahn, Goth. tunþus, Russ. десна (desna), Welsh dant, Kamviri dut, Pers. /dandān, Kashmiri dãd, Ir. dét/déad, ON tǫnn, Osset. dændag | tand |
| *h₁ed- | to eat | Lith. ėsti, Ltv. ēst, Old Prussian ist, Russ. есть (jest'), Polish jeść, Skr. अत्स्यति (atsyati), Av. ad, Arm. utel/udel, Hitt. at, Luw. ad-; az-, Palaic ata-, Lat. edō, Oscan edum, Gk. edō, Eng. etan/eat, Gm. essan/essen, ON eta, Goth. itan, Ir. esse/, Thrac. esko-, Toch. /yesti | eten |
| *h₁edʰ-l- | zilverspar | Engels elder ‘vlier’, Oudiers aidlen ‘gewone zilverspar’, Latijn ebulus ‘kruidvlier’, Oudpruisisch addle, Tsjechisch jedle ‘gewone zilverspar’ | ? |
| *h₁eh₁ter- | ingewanden | Nederlands ader, Latijn uber ‘buik, onderlichaam’, Oudkerkslavisch jadra ‘boezem’, Oudgireks ḗtor ‘hart’, ḗtron ‘buik, onderlichaam’, Sanskriet udáram ‘buik’; misschien ook Middeliers inathar ‘ingewand’ | ? |
| *h₁eh₂-ter- | fire | Arm. airel, Ir. áith/áith, Welsh odyn, Skr. अथर्वन् (atharvan), Av. ātarš, Pers. Āçiyādiya/ādar, Lat. āter, Umbrian atru, Oscan Aadíriis, Serb. vatra | ? |
| *h₁ei- | to go | Lith. eiti, Ltv. iet, Old Prussian eit, Russ. идти (idti), Polish iść, Goth. iddja, Eng. ēode/—, Skr. एति (eti), Av. aēiti, Gk. eimi, Lat. ire, Umbrian ier, Oscan eítuns, Kamviri ie, Gaul. eimu, Toch. i/i, Ir. ethaim/, Pers. aitiy/, OCS idǫ, Luw. i- | ? |
| *h₁eibʰ- | to copulate | Gm. eiba/—, Skr. यभति (yabhati), Russ. ебать (jebat'), Illyr. Oibalos, Gk. oiphō/, Polish jebać | ? |
| *h₁el- | elbow | Gm. elina/elle, Gk. ōlenē, Arm. volok', Lith. uolektis, Ltv. olekts, Russ. локоть (lokot'), Skr. आणि (āṇi), Welsh elin, Eng. eln/ell, Ir. uilin/uille, Goth. aleina, ON aln, Alb. llërë/llânë, Av. arəθna, Old Prussian woaltis, OCS pakŭtĭ, Polish łokieć, Pers. /āran | el, elleboog |
| *h₁engʷ- | gland | Alb. angërr, Gk. adēn, Lat. inguen, ON ökkvinn | |
| *h₁epero- | boar | Lith. Vepriai, Ltv. vepris, Gm. ebur/Eber, Eng. eofor/—, Russ. вепрь (vepr'), Polish wieprz, Skr. वपति (vapati), Lat. aper; vepres, Umbrian apruf, Old Prussian Weppren, Thrac. ebros, ON jǫfurr | ever |
| *h₁er- | goat | Arm. oroj/oroč, Lith. ėriukas, Ltv. jērs, Old Prussian eristian, Lat. ariēs, Umbrian erietu, Ir. heirp/earb, Gk. eriphos, Gm. irah/, OCS jarina | ? |
| *h₁erh₁gʷo- | pea | Gk. orobos, Ir. orbaind/, Lat. ervum, Gm. arawīz/Erbse, ON ertr | erwt |
| **h₁es- | to be | OCS jestĭ, Russ. есть (est'), Lith. esmi, Ltv. esmu, Old Prussian asmai, Gk. esti, Ir. am/, Skr. अस्ति (asti), Av. asti, Lat. est, Umbrian sent, Oscan súm, Eng. is/is, Arm. ē, Polish jest, Alb. është/âsht, Gm. ist/ist, Goth. ist, ON es, Hitt. asa, Lyc. es, Luw. as, Lyd. e-, Palaic aš-, Toch. ṣe/ṣei, Pers. astiy/ast | is |
| *h₁eu- | to dress | Av. aoθra, Russ. обуть (obut'), Polish obuć, Lith. auti, Ltv. aut, Lat. exuo; induo, Arm. aganum/akanum; aganim/akanim, Old Prussian auclo, Umbrian anovihimu, Ir. fuan/, Welsh gŵn, OCS obujǫ | ? |
| *h₁euhdʰ-r̥- | udder | Lith. ūdruoju, Eng. ūder/udder, Gm. ūtir/Euter, ON jūgr, Gk. outhar/, Skr. ऊधर् (ūdhar), Lat. ūber, Russ. вымя (vimja), Polish wymię | uier |
| *h₁eus- | to burn | Alb. ushël, Lith. usnis, Ltv. usna, Lat. ūrō, Gk. heuō/, Gm. eimuria/, Eng. ǣmerge/ember, ON usli, Skr. ओषति (oṣati), | ? |
| *h₁ewegʷʰ- | to praise | Skr. वाघत् (vāghat), Av. raštarəvaġənti, Gk. eukhomai, Arm. gog/kok, Lat. vovēre, Umbrian vufetes | ? |
| *h₁eǵʰi- | hedgehog | Russ. ёж (jož), Lith. ežys, Ltv. ezis, Phryg. eksis, Gk. ekhinos, Gm. igil/Igel, Arm. ozni, Eng. igil/—, ON ígul, Osset. wyzyn, Polish jeż, Phryg. eksis, Alb. esh | egel |
| *h₁eǵʰs | out | Lat. ex, Gk. eks, Gaul. ex-, Ir. ass/as, Russ. из (iz), Alb. jashtë, Oscan eh-, Umbrian ehe-, Lith. iž, Ltv. iz, Old Prussian is, Welsh a | ? |
| *h₁eḱwo- | horse | Lat. equus, Toch. yuk/yakwe, Gaul. epos, Gk. hippos, Skr. अश्व (aśva), Av. asva-, Lith. ašva, Old Prussian aswinan, Kamviri ušpa, Eng. eoh/—, Gm. ehwaz/—, Goth. aiƕtundi, ON iór, Hitt. aśuwas, Arm. ēš, Welsh ebol, Ir. ech/each, Thrac. esvas, Lyc. esbe-, Phryg. es', Pers. aspa/asb, Osset. jæfs/æfsæ, Venetic ekvon | ? |
| **h₁nḗh₃mn̥ | name | Toch. ñom/ñem, Lat. nōmen, Umbrian nome, Eng. nama/name, Gm. namo/Name, ON nafn, Goth. namo, Skr. नामन् (nāman), Av. nąman, Gk. onoma, OCS Russ. имя (imja), Alb. emër/êmën, Ir. ainm/ainm, Welsh anu, Hitt. lāman, Kamviri nom, Pers. nāma/nām, Arm. anun, Polish imię, Old Prussian emnes | naam |
| [[*h₁oh₁s-}} | mouth | Skr. आस् (ās); ओष्ठ (oṣṭha), Av. aosta, Lat. ōs, Lith. uosta, Ltv. osta, Russ. уста (usta), Kamviri âša, Old Prussian austo, Eng. ōr/—, Hitt. aiš, ON oss | ? |
| [[*h₁oh₁ḱ-u- }} | quick | Gk. ōkupous, Lat. ōcior, Welsh diog, Av. āsu, Skr. आशु (āśu), Russ. ястреб (jastreb), OCS jastrębŭ | |
| *h₁omH₁-so- | shoulder | Gk. ōmos, Lat. umĕrus, Skr. अंस (aṃsa), Goth. ams, ON ass, Toch. es/āntse, Arm. us | ? |
| *h₁oḱtō(u) | eight | Arm. ut'/ut'/ut'ĕ, Alb. tëte/tetë, Lith. aštuoni, Ltv. astoņi, Gaul. oxtū, Gm. ahto/acht, Eng. eahta/eight, Gk. oktō, Av. ašta, Ir. ocht/ocht, Kashmiri ā.ṭh, Lyc. aitãta-, Kamviri uṣṭ, Lat. octō, Oscan uhto, ON átta, Old Prussian astōnjai, Osset. ast/ast, Pers. ašta/hašt, OCS osmĭ, Polish osiem, Russ. восемь (vosem'), Skr. अष्ट (aṣṭa), Toch. okät/okt, Goth. ahtau, Welsh wyth | acht |
| *h₁reudʰ-ó- | red | Lat. ruber, Eng. rēad/red, Lith. raudonas, Ltv. ruds, Skr. रुधिर (rudhira), Russ. рдеть (rdet'), Gk. eruthros, Toch. rtär/ratre, Av. raoðita, Goth. rauþs, ON rjóðr, Gm. rōt/rot, Oscan Rufriis, Umbrian rufru, Ir. ruad/ Welsh rhudd, Gaul. Roudos | rood |
| *h₁reug-] | to vomit | Russ. рыгать (rygat'), Polish rzygać, Lith. riaugėti, Ltv. raugāties, Gk. ereugomai, Lat. ructāre, Eng. rēocan/reek, Gm. rouhhan/rauchen; itruchen/, ON reykja, Pers. /āroġ, Arm. vorcam/vordzam, | rieken, ruiken |
| *h₁reugʰmen- | cream | Lith. rūgti, Ltv. raugs, Av. raoġna, Pers. /roġān, ON rjúmi, Eng. rēam/ream, Gm. roum/Rahm | room |
| *h₁reus-men- | throat | Skr. रोमन्थ (romantha), Lat. rūmen, Welsh rhumen, Lith. raumuo, Ltv. raumins | ? |
| *h₁r̥tḱo- | bear | Gk. arktos, Lat. ursus, Skr. ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa), Pers. /xers, Arm. arj/arč, Gaul. Artioni, Alb. ari, Kamviri ic, Osset. ærs, Welsh arth, Av. aršam, Hitt. ḫartagga | ? |
| *h₁égni- | fire | Skr. अग्नि (agni), Hitt. agniš, Lat. ignis, Lith. ugnis, Ltv. uguns, OCS ognĭ, Polish ogień, Russ. огонь (ogon'), Alb. enjte | ? |
| *h₁éh₃g-o- | berry | Toch. oko/oko, Lith. uoga, Ltv. oga, OCS agoda, Russ. ягода (jagoda), Polish jagoda, Goth. akran, ON akarn, Gm. ēker/Ecker, Eng. æcern/acorn, Ir. áirne/, Welsh aeron|bezie, aardbei, bes | |
| *h₁ésh₂r̥- (nom-acc. *h₁ésh₂r̥, gen. *h₁esh₂n-ós) | blood | Skr. असृज् (asṛj), Old Lat. aser, Ltv. asins, Hitt. ešar, Lyc. esêne-, Luw. ašhar-, Toch. ysār/yasar, Gk. eiar, Arm. ariun | ? |
| *h₁óh₂wyo- (nom-acc. *h₁óh₂wyom, gen. *h₁óh₂wyo-s) | egg | Lat. ōvum, Gk. Russ. яйцо (jajtso), Gm. ei/Ei, Eng. ǣg/Cockney, Ir. /ubh, Welsh ŵy, Alb. ve; vo, ON egg, Crimean Gothic ada, Arm. dzu/cu, Pers. /xāyah, OCS ajĭse, Kurd. hék | ei |
| *h₁ói-no- | one | Alb. një/nji, Lith. vienas, Ltv. viens, Gaul. oinos, Gm. ein/eins, Eng. ān/one, Gk. oios, Av. aēuua, Ir. óin/aon, Kashmiri akh, Kamviri ev, Oscan uinus, ON einn, Old Prussian aīns, Osset. iu/ieu, Pers. aiva/yek, OCS edinŭ, Polish jeden, Russ. один (odin), Skr. एक (eka), Lat. ūnus, Umbrian uns, Goth. ains, Welsh un | een |
h₂, a
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *h₂ebl-o- | apple | Lith. obuolys, Ltv. ābols, Eng. æppel/apple, Russ. яблоко (jabloko), Ir. uball/ubhall, Gm. aphul/Apfel, Polish jabłko, Welsh afal, Old Prussian woble, Skr. अबल (abala), ON eple, Gaul. avallo, OCS jabloko | appel |
| h₂eǵʰ- | plough animal | Arm. ezn/yez(n)/yez(n), Ir. ag/agh, Welsh ewig, Skr. अही (ahī), Av. azī | |
| *h₂ego- | fault, sin | Skr. आगस् (āgas), Gk. agos, Eng. acan/ache | |
| * | water | Lat. aqua, Russ. Ока (Oka), Goth. aha, Gm. aha/Ache, Eng. īg/island, Hitt. akwanzi, Luw. ahw-, Palaic aku-, ON á, Goth. aƕa | eiland, Aa, IJ |
| *h₂ep- | water | Skr. अप् (ap); *h₂p-isk- "fish" Lat. piscis, Ir. íasc/iasc, Goth. fisks, ON fiskr, Eng. fisc/fish, Gm. fisc/Fisch, Russ. пескарь (peskar'), Polish piskorz, Welsh pysgodyn | vis |
| *h₂egʷs-ih₂- | axe | Lat. ascia, Eng. æx/axe, Gm. ackis/Axt, Gk. aksinē, ON øx, Goth. aqizi | |
| *h₂egʷʰno- | lamb | OCS jagnę, Russ. ягнёнок (jagnjonok), Gk. amnos, Ir. úan/uan, Eng. ēanian/yean, Welsh oen, Lat. agnus, Umbrian habina, Polish jagnię | |
| *h₂eig- | sick | Lat. aeger, Toch. /aikare, ON eikenn, Lith. ingas, Ltv. angus, OCS jęsa, Russ. яга (jaga), Polish jędza, Eng. inca/, Arm. yekro/yegro | |
| *h₂eim- | copy | Hitt. ḫimma, Lat. aemulus; imāgō | |
| *h₂eiti- | part | Av. aēta, Oscan aeteis, Gk. aitios, Ir. áes/aois, Welsh oes | |
| *h₂eiw- | vital force | Skr. आयु (āyu), Lat. aevum, Av. āyū, Toch. āym/, Eng. æfre/ever, Gm. īo/je; êwig/ewig, Goth. aiws, ON ei, Gk. aiōn, Alb. eshë | |
| *h₂eiǵ- | goat | Skr. एड (eḍa), Av. izaēna, Arm. aic/aidz, Gk. aiks | |
| *h₂eiǵ- | oak | Lith. ąžuolas, Lat. aesculus, Gk. krataigos/, ON eik, Eng. āc/oak, Gm. eihha/Eiche | |
| *h₂eiḱ- | spear/pike | Gk. aiklos/, Lat. īcō, Old Prussian aysmis, OCS igla, Polish igła, Av. išarə, Lith. iešmas, Ltv. iesms, ON eigin, Russ. игла (igla) | |
| *h₂eiḱ- | to be master of, to possess | Eng. āgan/ought, Goth. aigan, Gm. eigan/eigen, ON eiga, Skr. ईष्टे (īṣṭe), Av. īšti | eigen |
| *h₂ek-mon- | stone | Gk. ἄκμων (akmōn), Lith. akmuo, Ltv. akmens, Skr. अश्मन् (aśman), Av. asman, Russ. камень (kamen'), Eng. hamer/hammer, Polish kamień, ON hamarr, Hitt. aku, Pers. asman/, Gaul. acaunum, Gm. hamar/Hammer | |
| *h₂el-yó- *h₂el-nó- | other | Lat. alius, Eng. elles/else; ōþer/other, Skr. अरण (araṇa), Gk. allos, Oscan allo, Toch. ālak/allek, Arm. ayl, Gaul. alla, Ir. aile/eile, Welsh ail, Goth. alijs; anþar, Gm. elilenti/elend; andar/andere, ON elligar; annarr, Lyd. aλaś, Osset. /ændær | |
| *h₂elbʰ-it- | barley | Alb. elb, Gk. alphi/ | |
| *h₂elbʰó- | white | Lat. albus, Umbrian alfu, Hitt. alpas, Gm. Alps, Welsh elfydd, Russ. лебедь (lebed'), Eng. ælf/elf, Gk. alphos, Lyc. alb-, ON alfr | |
| *h₂elud- | beer | Lith. alus, Ltv. alus, Lat. alūmen, Eng. ealu/ale, Gk. aludoimo/, ON ǫl, Old Prussian alu, OCS olŭ | |
| *h₂en- | ancestor | Gk. annis/anōn, Lat. anus, Illyr. ana, Gm. ano/ahn, Lith. anyta, Hitt. hannas, Arm. han, Russ. внук (vnuk), Old Prussian ane | |
| *h₂en- | spirit | Skr. अन (ana), Goth. uzanan; andi, Ir. anál/anál, Gk. anemos, Lat. animus, OCS vonja, Russ. вонь (von'), Welsh anysbryd, ON anda; ǫnd, Eng. eðian/—; ōþian/—, Welsh eneid, Av. åntya, Lith. anuoti, Arm. hov, Alb. ajë/âj, Oscan anamum, Toch. āñcäm/āñme | |
| *h₂engwi- | eel | Lat. Anguilla, Lith. ungurys, Gm. angar/Engerling, Russ. угорь (ugor'), Gk. egkhelus, Old Prussian angurgis | |
| *h₂enh₁-ti- | duck | Lat. anas, Lith. antis/antinis, Skr. आति (āti), Russ. утка (utka), Gm. anut/Ente, Eng. ened/—, ON ǫnd, Old Prussian antis, Gk. nēssa/ | |
| *h₂enk- | angle | Gm. ango/, Osset. ængur, Skr. अङ्क (aṅka), Lat. ancus, Lith. anka, Ltv. āķis, Gk. agkōn, Russ. угол (ugol), ON angi, Av. aṅkupəsəmna, Welsh anghad, Ir. ēcath/, Hitt. hink | |
| *h₂enǵʰ- | narrow | Gk. ankhō/, Skr. अंहु (aṁhu), Av. ązaṅhē, Russ. узкий (uzkij), Goth. aggwus, ON aungr, Arm. anjuk/ančug, Gm. engi/eng, Hitt. hamenk, OCS ǫzŭkŭ, Polish wąski, Lith. ankšta, Toch. eṁts/entse, Eng. enge/, Welsh ehang, Ir. /cumung | |
| *h₂ep- | river, lake | Hitt. ḫap(a), Palaic ḫapnas, Luw. ḫapinni, Ltv. upe, Lith. upė, Old Prussian ape, Eng. ōfer/, Gm. /Ufer, Skr. आप् (āp), Av. afš, Lat. amnis, Toch. āp/āp | oever |
| *h₂ep- | to reach | Av. apayeiti, Lat. apex, Skr. आप्त (āpta), Gk. apto, Arm. unim, Hitt. apanzi, Toch. oppäśśi/, Polish opaść | |
| *h₂eps-eh₂- | aspen | Eng. æspe/aspen, Gm. aspa/Espe, ON ǫsp, Lith. epušė, Ltv. apse, Old Prussian abse, Gk. aspris/ | |
| *h₂er- | nut | Russ. орех (orex), Alb. arrë, Gk. arna, Polish orzech | |
| *h₂erg- | to lock | Gk. arkeō, Lat. arcēre, Arm. argel/arkel, Goth. arka, Old Prussian arkan, Polish arkan, Hitt. ḫark-, Toch. —/ārk, Oscan trííbarakavúm, Lith. raktas; užrakinti | |
| *h₂erH₁- | to plow | Toch. āre/āre, Lat. arō, Gk. arotēr, Lith. arti, Ltv. art, OCS orati, Russ. орать (orat'), Arm. araur, Ir. airim/, Polish orać, Goth. arjan, Eng. erian/—, ON arðr, Welsh arddu, Old Prussian artoys, Gm. erien/ | |
| *h₂erǵó-, *h₂erǵí- | white, shining | Gk. arguros, Lat. arguō, Hitt. ḫarkiš, Toch. ārki/arkwi, Eng. eorcnanstān/—, Gk. erchan/—, Skr. अर्जुन (arjuna), Ir. argat/airgead, Av. arəzah, Welsh ariant, Oscan aragetud, Arm. arcat'/ardzat', Phryg. arg, Thrac. arzas, Gaul. Argentoratum, Goth. unairkns | |
| *h₂eu- | to help | Skr. अवति (avati), Lat. aveō, Av. avaiti, Arm. aviun, Gaul. Avicantus, Goth. ewyll, Gk. -aones, Lith. aušti, Ltv. aust, Ir. con ói/, Toch. olar/aulāre, ON auð, Eng. īþe/, Gm. ōdmuoti/ | |
| *h₂eug- | to glance | Gk. augē, Alb. agon, Russ. юг (jug), OCS jugŭ | |
| *h₂eug- | to increase | Lith. augti, Ltv. augt, Lat. auctis, Gk. auksōn, Skr. उग्र (ugra), Toch. ok/auk, Eng. eacan/eke; weaxan/wax, Gm. ouh/auch; wahsan/wachsen, ON auka; vaxa, Goth. aukan; wahsjan, Old Prussian auginnons, Umbrian uhtur | |
| *h₂euH₂o- *h₂éuh₂-yo- | paternal grandfather, maternal uncle | Lat. avus; avunculus, Gaul. avontīr, Gk. aia, Lith. avynas, Old Prussian awis, Welsh ewythr, Arm. hav, Eng. ēam/—, Ir. aue/ó, Goth. awó, Gm. ōheim/Oheim, OCS uy, Russ. уй (uj), Polish wuj, Hitt. huhhas | |
| *h₂eus- | dawn | Lat. aurōra, Lith. aušra, Ltv. ausma, Gm. ōstra/Osten, Skr. उषस् (uṣas), Russ. утро (utro), Eng. ēast/east, Gk. hēos, ON austr, Av. ušastara, Ir. fáir/, Welsh gwawr | oost, oosten |
| *h₂ewi- (nom. *h₂ewi-s, gen. *h₂wei-s) | bird | Lat. avis, Av. vīš, Skr. वि (vi), Arm. hav, Welsh hwyad, Gk. aetos, Lith. višta, Ltv. vista, Umbrian avif, Ir. /aoi | |
| *h₂eǵ- | goat | Skr. अज (aja), Pers. /azg, Lith. ožys, Ltv. āzis, Ir. ag/agh, OCS jazno, Russ. язь (jaz'), Old Prussian wosux, Alb. dhi | |
| *h₂eǵʰero- | lake | Lith. ežeras, Ltv. ezers, Russ. озеро (ozero), Illyr. oseriates, Gk. Akherōn, OCS jezero, Polish jezioro, Old Prussian assaran | |
| *h₂eḱ- | sharp | Gk. akros, Lat. ācer, Skr. अश्रि (aśri), OCS ostrŭ, Russ. ость; острый (ost'; ostryj), Ir. aicher/, Lith. aštrus, Ltv. asmens, Goth. ahs, Pers. /ās, Gaul. Akrotalus, Welsh eithiw, Oscan akrid, Umbrian peracri, Arm. asełn/aseġ/aseġ, Alb. athët, Toch. āk/āke, Eng. ecg/edge, ON egg, Gm. egga/Ecke, Polish ostry, XMK akrounoi | |
| *h₂ner- | power | Lat. neriōsus, Welsh nerth, Alb. njer, Skr. नर् (nar), Luw. anarummi, Lyd. nãrś, Lith. noras, Russ. нрав (nrav), Gaul. Nertobriga, Arm. air, Gk. anēr, Oscan ner, Umbrian nerf, Ir. nert/, Phryg. anar | |
| *h₂nos- | nose | Lat. nasus, Skr. नस (nasa), OCS nasu, Russ. нос (nos), Lith. nosis, Ltv. nāss, Eng. nosu/nose, Av. nah, Gm. nasa/Nase, Kamviri nâsuṛ, Old Prussian nazy, Pers. nāham/, ON nös | |
| *h₂ous- | ear | Lat. auris, Gk. ous, Skr. उसि (usi), OCS ucho, Russ. уши (uši), Goth. auso, Lith. ausis, Ltv. auss, Gaul. ausia-, Alb. vesh, Gm. ōra/Ohr, Ir. au/, Av. usi, Pers. gaušā/guš, Eng. éare/ear, ON eyra, Arm. unkn/akanj/aganč, Old Prussian āusins. See also Hausos. | oor |
| * | star | Lat. stella, Gk. astēr, Gm. sterro/Stern, Eng. steorra/star, ON stjarna, Goth. stairno, Arm. astł/astġ/asdġ, Skr. तारस् (tāras); स्तृ (stṛ), Welsh seren, Toch. śre/śćirye, Kamviri ṛâšto, Pers. /setāre, Osset. sthaly/, Hitt. šittar, Kurd. stérk/estére | ster |
| *h₂u-per | over | Lat. super, Gk. huper, Skr. उपरि (upari), Av. upairi, Eng. ofer/over, Gm. ubar/über, Goth. ufarō, ON yfir, Gaul. Uertragus, Ir. for/for, Pers. upariy/bar, Welsh gwarthaf, Oscan supruis, Umbrian super, Arm. ver, Av. upairi | over |
| *h₂wap- | bad, evil | Hitt. ḫuwapp, Eng. yfel/evil, Gm. ubil/Übel, Goth. ubils | euvel |
| *h₂yuh₁ení- | young | OCS junu, Russ. юный (junyj), Skr. युवन् (yuvan), Gaul. Jovincillus, Lith. jaunas, Ltv. jauns, Eng. geong/young, Av. yavan, Lat. juvĕnis, Umbrian iuengar , Gm. jung/jung, Welsh ieuanc, ON ungr, Goth. juggs, Welsh ieuanc, Ir. óc/óg, Pers. /javān | jong |
| *h₂éd-es- | cereal | Hitt. hattar, Lat. ador, Gm. azzic/, Goth. atisk, Toch. āti/atiyo, Av. āðūfrāðana, Arm. hat/had | |
| * | field | Skr. अज्र (ajra), Gk. agros, Lat. ager, Umbrian ager, Goth. akrs, Eng. æcer/acre, Arm. art/ard, Gm. achar/Acker, ON akr | |
| *h₂ént-i | front | Hitt. ḫanta, Luw. hantili, Lyc. xñtawata, Lith. ant, Eng. ende/end, Gm. endi/Ende, Goth. and, ON endr, Gk. anti, Ir. étan/, Lat. antiae, Oscan ant, Toch. ānt/ānte | |
| *h₂érkʷo- | bow | Lat. arcus, Goth. arƕazna, Eng. arwe/arrow, Gk. arkeuthos, Russ. ракита (rakita), Polish rakieta, Ltv. ērkšķis, ON ǫrvar, Umbrian arçlataf | |
| *h₂éwiǵ- | oats | Lat. avēna, Lith. aviža, Ltv. auza, Russ. овёс (ovjos), Polish owies, Gk. aigilōps/, Old Prussian wyse, OCS ovĭsŭ | |
| *h₂éy-es- (nom. h₂eyos, gen. h₂eyesos) | metal | Skr. अयस् (ayas), Lat. aes, Umbrian ahesnes, Gm. ēr/Erz, Eng. ār/ore, Av. ayaṅh, Goth. aiz, ON eir, Gaul. Isarnodori, Ir. iarn/iarann, Welsh haearn, Pers. /āhan | erts |
| *h₂éǵʰ-r/n̥- | day | Skr. अहर् (ahar), Av. azan | |
| *h₂ó-sd-o- | branch | Arm. ost/vost/vosd, Gk. ozos, Eng. ōst/, Gm. ast/Ast, Goth. asts, Hitt. ḫašda- | as |
h₃, o
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *H₃el-no- | alder | Lat. alnus, Lith. alksnis, Ltv. elksnis, Russ. ольха (ol'xa), XMK aliza, ON alr, Gm. elira/Erle, Eng. alor/alder, Old Prussian aliskande, Gaul. alisa, Hitt. alanzan, Polish olcha | |
| *H₃em- | bitter | Gk. ōmos, Lat. amārus, Arm. hum, Skr. अम्ल (amla), Eng. ampre/, ON apr, Ltv. amols, Alb. ëmblë, XMK abro- | |
| *H₃engʷ- | to anoint | Skr. अनक्ति (anakti), Arm. aucanem/audzanem, Ir. /imb, Lat. unguō, Umbrian umtu, Old Prussian anctan, Gm. ancho/, Welsh ymenyn | |
| *H₃erbʰo- | work | Lat. orbus, Arm. orb/orp, Ir. orbe/, Skr. अर्भ (arbha), Hitt. arpa, Gk. orphanos, Gm. arbeit/Arbeit, Eng. earfoð/—, OCS rabŭ, Polish robota, Russ. работа (rabota), Gaul. Orbius, Goth. arbi, ON arfr, Lith. irbu | |
| *H₃ers- | to protrude | Gk. oura, Arm. or, Hitt. arras, Eng. ears/arse, Ir. err/earr, Gm. ars/Arsch, ON ars | |
| *H₃erǵʰi- | testicle | Gk. orkhēs, Arm. ordzik'/orcik', Ir. uirge/, Lith. aržilas, Ltv. ērzelis, Av. ərəzi, Alb. herdhe | |
| *H₃eyó- | multicolored, reddish | Lith. ieva, Ltv. ieva, Eng. īw/yew, Gm. īwa/Eibe, ON ýr, Gk. oiē, Gaul. ivo, Ir. éo/eó, Welsh iwen, Russ. ива (iva) | |
| *H₃nobʰ- | navel | Lat. umbilīcus, Skr. नभ्य (nabhya), Av. nāba, Ltv. naba, Gm. nabalo/Nabel, Eng. nafela/navel, ON nafli, Gk. omphalos, Ir. imbliu/imleacán, Kashmiri naf, Old Prussian nabis, Pers. /nāf | |
| *H₃nógʰ-o- / *H₃nógʰ-ro- / *H₃nógʰ-i- | nail | Gk. onukhos, Lat. unguis, Skr. अङ्घ्रि (aṅghri), Gm. nagel/Nagel, OCS noguti, Russ. ноготь (nogot'), Lith. nagas, Ltv. nags, Av. nakhara, Arm. ełgungn/yeġung/yeġunk, Welsh ewin, Eng. nægl/nail, Pers. /nāxun, Ir. inga/ionga | |
| *H₃okʷ- | eye | Lat. oculus, OCS oko, Russ. око (oko), Toch. ak/ek, Arm. akn/ač'k'/ač'k', Skr. अक्षि (akṣi), Gk. ophthalmos, Eng. ēge/eye, Gm. ouga/Auge, Goth. augo, Alb. sy, Lith. akis, Ltv. acs, Kamviri âčẽ, Ir. enech/oineach, Welsh enep, ON auga, Polish oko, Old Prussian ackis | |
| *H₃or-no- | eagle | Gm. arn/Aar, Arm. arciv/ardziv, Eng. earn/erne, Gk. orneon, Russ. орёл (orjol), Lith. erelis, Ltv. ērglis, Hitt. ḫaran, Polish orzeł, Welsh eryr, ON ari, Goth. ara, Alb. orë, Old Prussian arelis, Ir. irar/ | |
| *H₃ost- / kost- | bone | Lat. os; costa, Alb. asht, Gk. ostoun, Russ. кость; остов (kost'; ostov), Skr. अस्थि (asthi), Av. asti, Hitt. ḫastāi, Welsh asgwrn, Kamviri âṭi, Pers. /ostexān, Polish kość, Toch. /ásta, Arm. oskr/voskr/vosgr, Luw. ḫāš | |
| *H₃owi- (nom. H₃owi-s, gen. H₃ewy-ós) | sheep | Russ. овца (ovtsa), Lith. avis, Ltv. avs, Skr. अविक (avika), Eng. ēowu/ewe, Gm. ouwi/Aue, Goth. awēþi, ON ǽr, Gk. ois, Ir. ói/, Hitt. ḫawi, Luw. ḫāwi-, Welsh ewig, Toch. —/āuw, Arm. hoviv, Polish owca, Lat. ovis, Umbrian uvem, Old Prussian awins, Lyc. xabwa | |
| *H₃reǵ- | to straighten | Lat. regere, Gk. oregein, Eng. riht/right, Gm. reht/recht, ON réttr, Goth. raihts, Thrac. rhesus, Toch. räk/räk, Arm. arcvi/ardzvi; *H₃rēǵ-(H₃ón-) / "ruler, king": Skr. राजन् (rājan), Oscan regaturei, Lat. rēx, Gaul. rīx, Ir. ríg/rígh, Welsh rhi, Av. raz, Pers. /rahst, Alb. e drejtë; radhë | |
| *H₃és-H₃en- (nom. *H₃esH₃ōn, gen. *H₃esH₃n-ós) | harvest | Russ. осень (osen'), Old Prussian assanis, Eng. earnian/earn, Goth. asans, Gm. aran/Ernte, ON ǫnn, Gk. opōra, Polish jesień, Lat. annōna, Arm. ashun | |
| *H₃és-no- H₃és-i- | ash | Lat. ornus, Lith. uosis, Ltv. osis, Russ. осина (osina), Gm. asc/Esche, Eng. æsc/ash, Old Prussian woasis, ON askr, Welsh onnen, Alb. ah, Arm. hac'i, Gk. akherōis/ |
ḱ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ḱak- | branch | Arm. čyuġ/jyuġ, Lith. šaka, Ltv. saka, Skr. शाखा (śākhā), Russ. соха (soxa), Alb. thekë, Goth. hōha, Kamviri coa, Old Prussian sagnis, Ir. gēc/gēag, Gm. huohili/ , Pers. /šāxe(h) | |
| *ḱalh₂mo- | reed | Gk. kalamos, Lat. culmus, Toch. kulmãṃts/, Eng. healm/haulm, Ltv. salms, Old Prussian salme, Russ. солома (soloma), ON halmr, Gm. halm/Halm, Ir. /giolcach (-cach being diminutive suffix) | |
| *ḱas- | gray | Lat. cānus, Skr. षष (śaśa), Gm. hasu/; haso/Hase, Old Prussian sasins, Eng. hasu/; hara/hare, ON hǫss; heri, Welsh ceinach, Pashto soe | |
| *ḱat- | battle | OCS kotora, Gaul. catu, Eng. heaþu, Gm. hathu/, Skr. शातयति (śātayati), ON hoð, Ir. cath/cath, Welsh cad, Toch. /keta | |
| *ḱeh₂d- | hate | Eng. hete/hate, Gm. haz/haß, Goth. hatis, ON hatr, Skr. रिशादस् (riśādas), Av. sādra/, Gk. kēdos, Oscan cadeis amnud, Ir. caiss/cais, Welsh câs | |
| *ḱel- | warm, cold | Ltv. silt, Lith. šilti, Ir. clithe/, Welsh clyd, ON hlǽr, Eng. hlēow/lukewarm, Gm. lāo/lau, Skr. शिशिर (śiśira), Av. sarəta, Osset. sald, Pers. /sard, Lat. calēre, Kurd. sarr | |
| *ḱer- | horn | Lat. cerĕbrum; cervus; cornūs, Russ. корова (korova); серна (serna) (korova); череп (čerep), Old Prussian kerpetis; sirwis, Gk. keras; kare Av. srū; srvā; sarah, Skr. शिरस् (śiras), Arm. sar, Bret. kern, Gm. hirni/Hirn; horn/Horn, ON hjarni;horn Pers. /sar; /šāx, Toch. /krāñi, Osset. sær; sykha, Alb. krye; sorkadh; ka, Eng. horn/horn, Welsh corn, Kamviri ṣiṅ, Goth. haurn, Hitt. karawar, Lith. širšė, Ltv. sirsis, Gaul. karnuks, Ir. corn/corn, Polish krowa, Kurd. ser | |
| *ḱerberó- | piebald | Gk. kerberos, Skr. शर्वर (śarvara), Russ. соболь (sobol'), Ir. corbaim/, Lith. kirba | |
| * | heart | Lat. cor, Skr. हृदय (hṛdaya), Av. zərədā, Hitt. karts, Lyc. kride, Palaic kart-, Gk. kardia, Eng. heorte/heart, OCS srĭdĭce, Russ. сердце (serdtse), Lith. širdis, Ltv. sirds, Old Prussian seyr, Arm. sird/sirt, Welsh craidd, Kamviri zâra, Ir. cride/croidhe, Polish serce, Gm. herza/Herz, Goth. hairto, ON hjarta, Osset. zærdæ | |
| *ḱerh₂- | to mix | Eng. hrēr/rare, Gm. hruoren/rühren, ON hrǿra, Skr. श्रायति (śrāyati), Av. sar, Gk. kratēr | |
| *ḱermus- | cherry | Gk. kerasos/keradion, Lith. šermukšlė, Ltv. cērmaukša, Russ. черёмуха (čerjomuxa) | |
| *ḱers- | to run | Lat. currō, Gaul. carros, Gk. epikouros, Welsh carrog, Ir. carr/, Toch. kursär/kwasär, Gm. horsk/, ON horskr, Eng. horsc/ | |
| *ḱewh₁ro- | northwind | Russ. север (sever), Lith. šiaurys, Arm. c'urt/c'urd, Eng. scūr/shower, Gm. scūr/Schauer, Goth. skura, ON skúr, OCS severu | |
| *ḱiker- | pea | Lat. cicer, Arm. siseṙn, Gk. krios, Lith. kekė | |
| *ḱlei- | to lean | Lat. clīnō, Ir. clóin/, Gk. klinē, Eng. hleonian/lean, Arm. leṙ, Lith. šlieti, Ltv. sliet, Russ. слой (sloj), Skr. श्रायति (śrayati), Av. srinu, Gm. hlīnen/lehnen, Welsh clwyd, Old Prussian slayan, Toch. kälyme/kälymiye, Goth. hlain, ON hlein | |
| *ḱlep- | to steal | Lat. clepō, Gk. kleptō, Arm. goġnal/koġnal, Goth. hlifan, Ir. cluain/, Old Prussian auklipts, Lith. slėpti, Ltv. slēpt | |
| *ḱleu- | clean | Lat. cloāca, Gk. kludōn, Gaul. Cluad, Eng. hlūttor/, Lith. šluoti, Ltv. slaumi, Russ. слеза (sleza), Welsh clir, Gm. hlūttar/lauter, Goth. hlūtrs, ON hlér, OCS slĭza | |
| *ḱleu- | to hear | Lat. cluēre, Gaul. clu, Gk. kleos, Illyr. cleves, Lith. klausyti; šlovė, Ltv. klausīt, OCS slovo, Russ. слово (slovo), Skr. श्रु (śru), Av. surunaoiti, Gm. hlut/laut, Eng. hlud/loud, Toch. klyos, ON hljóðr, Goth. hliuþ, Toch. klāw/klāw, Arm. lu, Alb. quhem, Polish słowo | |
| *ḱlouni- | buttock | Lat. clūnis, ON hlaun, Kamviri slaunis, Skr. श्रोणि (śroṇi), Av. sraoni, Welsh clun, Lith. šlaunis | |
| * | hundred | Lat. centum, Lith. šimtas, Ltv. simts, Gm. hunt/hundert, Eng. hundred/hundred, Goth. hund, ON hundrað, Gk. hekaton, Av. sata, Gaul. cantam, Ir. cét/cead, Kashmiri śath, Osset. sædæ, Pers. /sad, OCS sŭto, Polish sto, Russ. сто (sto), Skr. शत (śata), Av. satem, Toch. känt/kante, Welsh cant | |
| *ḱon- | shell | Lat. conguius, Gk. kogkhos, Skr. शङ्ख (śaṅkha) | |
| *ḱubʰ- | shoulder | Lat. cubitus, Alb. sup, Gm. huf/Hüfte, Eng. hype/hip, Gk. kubos, Av. supti, Skr. शुप्ति (śupti), Goth. hups, Welsh gogof, Pers. /šāne | |
| *ḱwen- | holy | Lith. šventas, Ltv. svinēt, Russ. святой (svjatoj), Av. spanyah, Goth. hunsl, Polish święty, Old Prussian swints, ON hunsl, Eng. hūsel/housel, OCS svętŭ | |
| **ḱwṓ | dog | Lat. canis, Gk. kuōn/, Arm. šun, Phryg. kunes, Toch. ku/ku, Gaul. cuna, Eng. hund/hound, Skr. श्वन् (śvan), Av. spā, Russ. сука suka, Polish suka; kundel(?), Gm. hunt/Hund, Kashmiri hūn, Lith. šuo, Ltv. suns, Old Prussian sunis, Thrac. dinu-, Goth. huns, ON hundr, Welsh ci, Ir. cū/cú, Hitt. śuwanis, Lyd. kan-, Dacian kinu-, Alb. samë, Pers. /sag | hond |
| *ḱóino- | grass | Gk. koina, Arm. xot/xod, Lith. šienas, Ltv. siens, Russ. сено (seno), Polish siano | |
| *ḱórw-eh₂- | crow | Alb. sorrë, Lith. šarka, Gk. koraks, Russ. сорока (soroka), Skr. शारि (śāri), Lat. cornīx, Umbrian curnāco, Polish sroka |
k
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kaiko- | one-eyed | Lat. caecus, Skr. केकर (kekara), Lith. keikti Gk. kaikias, Ir. caech/, Welsh coeg, Goth. haihs, Polish Kajko | |
| *kailo- | whole | Welsh coel, Gm. heil/heil, Eng. hālig/holy, ON heilagr, Goth. hailags, OCS cĕlŭ, Russ. целый (tselyj), Old Prussian kailūstiskan, Polish cały | |
| *kakka | excrement | Lat. cacāre, Russ. какать (kakat'), Gk. kakkaō, Arm. k'akor/k'agor, Ir. cacc/cac, Gm. /Kacke, Welsh cach, Lith. kaka, Pers. /keke(h) | |
| *kal- | handsome | Skr. कल्य (kalya), Gk. kallos | |
| *kan- | to sing | Gk. kanakheō/, Ir. canim/, Russ. канюк (kanjuk), Goth. hana, Eng. hen/hen, Gm. hano/Hahn, ON hani; hœna, Welsh canu, Pers. /āvāz xāndan, Lat. canō, Umbrian kanetu, Kurd. xwéndin | |
| *kant- | corner | Gk. kanthos, Lat. cantus, Gaul. kantem, Goth. cant, Russ. кут (kut), Polish kant; kąt, Lith. kampas | |
| *kapro- | goat | Skr. कपृथ (kapṛtha), Gk. kapros, Lat. caper, Umbrian kabru, Gaul. cabros, Ir. gabor/, Welsh gafr, ON hafr, Eng. hæfer/, Gm. habaro/Haber | |
| *kaput- | hoofd | *káput-: Nederlands hoofd, Latijn caput, Sanskriet kabúcchala (कपुच्छल) ‘haar aan het achterhoofd’; *kapōlo: Oudengels hafola ‘hoofd’, Skr. kapā́lam ‘schedel’; *kapuko: Welsh cawg ‘pot, drinknap’ | |
| *kat- | cub | Lat. catulus, Umbrian katel, Russ. котиться (kotit'sja), ON haðna, Ir. cadla/ | |
| *ke(n)g- | hook | Lith. kengė Pers. /čang, Ir. ailcheng/, Russ. коготь (kogot'), Eng. hoc/hook, ON haki; hǫnk, Gm. hâco/Haken | |
| *ked- | to fume | Gk. kedros, Skr. कद्रु (kadru), Lith. kadagys, Ltv. kadags, OCS kadilo, Russ. чад (čad), Old Prussian kadegis | |
| *kóh₂r̥- (obliek *kh₂en ) | honingraat | Tochaars B śeriye ‘was, honingraat’, Oudgrieks kēríon ‘honingraat’, kērós ‘was’, Litouws korỹs, Pools skarzyk, Albanees huall | |
| *kel- | glue | Gk. kolla, Lith. klijai, Russ. клей (klej), Polish klej | |
| *kenk- | knieholte, hiel | Nederlands hak, hiel, Litouws kìnka ‘been, dij, kniegewricht’, kenklė̃ ‘kniebocht’, Sanskriet kaṅkāla ‘geraamte’ | |
| *kerp- | to pluck | Gk. karpos, Lat. carpere, Eng. hærfest/harvest, Ir. corrán/corrán, Welsh par, Goth. ƕaírban, ON hverfa, Toch. kārp/kärp, Gm. hwerban/werben, Lith. kirpti | |
| *klen- | esdoorn | Oudnoords hlynr, Oud-Macedonisch klinótrokhon, Russisch klën, Litouws klẽvas, klievas; misschien ook Oudgrieks glī́nos (γλῖνος) ‘Kretenzische esdoorn’ | Lonneker, Lijndonk (plaatsnamen) |
| *ḱh₃nid- | neet, luizenei | Nederlands neet, Middeliers sned, Lets gnīda, Pools gnida, Albanees thëri, Oudgrieks konís (gen. konídos), Armeens anic ‘luis’; misschien ook Latijn lēns (gen. lendis) | |
| *kob- | to succeed | Gaul. Vercobius, Ir. cob/, Eng. gehæp/, ON happ, OCS kobĭ, Russ. кобь (kob'), Toch. akappi/ | |
| *koiló- | naked | Ir. cóil/, Welsh cul, Ltv. kails | |
| *kom | with | Lat. cum, Ir. com-/, Eng. ge-/—, gemōt/gemot, Gm. ga-/ge-, Goth. ga-, ON g-, Gk. koinos, Russ. к (k), Polish k, OCS kŭ | |
| *krem- | wilde knoflook | Engels ramson, Oudiers craim ‘knoflook’, Oudgrieks krómuon, krémuon (< *kremusom) ‘ui’, Litouws kermùšė, -ē, Russisch čeremšá ‘daslook’; Litouws šermùkšnis ‘lijsterbes’ | verouderd rams ‘daslook’, Middelnederlands ramese |
| *kreuh₂- | bloed | Nederlands rauw, Welsh cro, Latijn cruor ‘gestold bloed’, Oudgrieks kréas (ouder kréwas) ‘vlees’, Litouws kraũjas, Russisch krovʹ, Avestisch kruva-, Sanskriet kravíḥ ‘rauw vlees’ | |
| *kroksko- | leg | Alb. krah, Lith. kirkaliai, OCS kraka, Russ. окорок (okorok), Skr. किष्कु (kiṣku) | |
| *ksweid- | milk | Lith. sviestas, Ltv. sviests, Skr. क्ष्विद्यति (kṣvidyati), Av. xšvīd | |
| *kuep- | to boil | Skr. कुप्यति (kupyati), Lat. cupere, Lith. kvepėti, Ltv. kvēpēt, Russ. кипеть (kipet'), Alb. kapit, Gk. kapnos, ON hvap, Toch. kāp/kāp, Old Prussian kupsins, OCS kypĕti, Goth. afƕapjan, Hitt. kup | |
| *kwas- | to cough | Skr. कसाते (kasāte), Ir. /casachdach, Russ. кашлять (kašljat'), Lith. kosėti, Ltv. kāsēt, Gm. huosto/Husten, ON hósta, Kamviri kâsa, Polish kaszleć, Alb. kollje, Welsh pas, Toch. /kosi, Eng. hwōsta/ | |
| *kwat- | sour | Skr. क्वथ (kvatha), Lat. cāseus, OCS kvasŭ, Russ. квас (kvas), Ltv. kūsāt, Alb. cos, Polish kwas, Goth. ƕaþō, Eng. hwaþerian/ | |
| *kóro- | war | Lith. karas, Ltv. kaŗš, Gk. koiranos, Ir. cuire/, Gm. heri/Heer, Eng. herebeorg/harbour, Russ. кара (kara), Polish kara, ON herr, Goth. harjis, Gaul. Tricorii, Pers. kāra/kārzār, Old Prussian kargis, Kurd. šer | |
| *kóslo- | hazelaar | Nederlands hazelaar, Welsh coll, Latijn corulus, corylus, Oudlitouws kasùlas ‘werpspeer, jachtspriet’ |
kʷ
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kʷe | Enclitic "and" | Lat. -que, Goth. -u(h), Gk. -τέ (-te), Skr. च (ca), Lyc. -ke, Luw. -ku | |
| *kʷeiH- | quiet | Lat. quiēs, ON hvīla, Eng. hwil/while, Gm. hwila/Weile, Goth. ƕeila, OCS počiti, Russ. почить (počit'), Skr. चिरम् (ciram), Av. šāitiš, Pers. šiyātiš/šāh, Lyc. tezi, Toch. /śāte, Polish odpoczywać, Arm. hangč'im/hankč'im, Lith. tylus | |
| * | four | Lat. quattuor, Arm. č'ork'/č'ors/č'ors, Alb. katër/katër, Lith. keturi, Ltv. četri, Gaul. petor, Gm. feor/vier, Eng. fēower/four, Gk. τέσσαρες (tessares), Av. čaθwar, Ir. cethir/ceahair, Kashmiri tsor, Kamviri što, Oscan petora, ON fjórir, Old Prussian keturjāi, Osset. cyppar/cuppar, Pers. /čahār, OCS četĭire, Polish cztery, Russ. четыре (četyre), Skr. चतुर् (catur), Toch. śtwar/śtwer, Thrac. ketri-, Umbrian petor, Goth. fidwor, Welsh pedwar, Bret. pevar, Lyc. teteri, Kurd. čwar | |
| *kʷrei- | to buy | Skr. क्रीणाति (krīṇāti), Lith. kraitis, Ltv. kriens, Ir. crenaim/, Russ. кренуть (krenut'), Toch. kuryar/käry, Gk. πρίαμαι (priamai), Arm. gnel/knel, Welsh prynu | |
| *kʷrép-o- / *kʷr̥p-eh₂- | lichaam | Nederlands rif ‘skelet, dood lichaam’, Middeliers crí, Welsh praff ‘vlezig, gespierde’, Latijn corpus, Oudgrieks prapís ‘middenrif’, prapides ‘diafragma’, Avestisch kərəfš, Sanskriet kṛ́p ‘gestalte, schoonheid’ | |
| *kʷr̥-mi- | worm | Iers cruimh ‘larve, made’, Litouws kirmìs, Servo-Kroatisch cȓv, Albanees krimb, Perzisch kerm, Ossetisch kalm ‘slang, worm’, Sanskriet kṛ́mi | |
| *kʷékʷlo- / *kʷol-o- | wheel | Gk. κύκλος (kuklos), Lat. colus, Toch. kukäl/kokale, Skr. चक्र (cakra), Russ. колесо (koleso), Eng. hwēol/wheel, Pers. čarka/čarx, Ir. cul/—, Old Prussian kelan, Osset. calx/, Polish koło, Av. čaxra, Alb. sjell, ON hjōl; hvel, Lith. kelias, Luw. kaluti- |
l
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen | Nederlandse voortzetting |
|---|---|---|---|
| *laiwó- | left (direction) | Lat. laevus, Gk. laios, Russ. левый (levyj), Illyr. Levo, Eng. lǣw/, Lith. išlaivoti, Polish lewy, ON lǽn, Gm. lēwes/, OCS lĕvŭ | |
| *laks- | salmon | Toch. laks/läks, ON lax, Lith. lašiša, Ltv. lasis, Russ. лосось (losos'), Polish łosoś, Gm. lahs/Lachs, Eng. leax/—, Old Prussian lalasso | |
| *laku- | pond | Gk. lakkos, Lat. lacus, Gm. lagu/, Ir. loch/loch, Arm. lič/lij , Eng. lagu/—, Lith. lekmenė, ON lǫgr, Serb. lokva | |
| *las- | eager | Skr. लषति (laṣati), Lat. lascīvus, Russ. ласка (laska), Lith. lokšnus, Eng. lust/lust, Gm. lust/Lust, Goth. lustus, ON lyst, Gk. lilaiomai, Ir. lainn/ | |
| *lat- | swamp | Gk. lataks, Lith. Latupė, Ltv. Late, Gaul. Arelate, Ir. lathach/lathach, Gm. letto/letten, Welsh llaid | |
| *lebʰ- | lip | Lat. labĭum, Gm. /Lippe; lefs/Lefze Eng. lippa/lip, Welsh llefaru, Russ. лобзать (lobzat'), Pers. /lab, Lith. lūpa, Kurd. léw | |
| *legʰ- | to lie down | Lat. lectus, OCS ležati, Russ. лежать (ležat'), Gk. lekhethai/, Gm. liggan/liegen, Ir. lige/luighe, Welsh gwely, Eng. lecgen/lie, Polish leżeć, Gaul. legasit, ON liggja, Goth. ligan, Toch. lake/leke, Lith. lagaminas, Ltv. lagača | |
| *leH₂w- | to pour, wash | Gk. lousis, Lat. lavare, Gaul. lautro, Arm. loganam/lokanam, Hitt. lahhu- 'to pour', Gm. louga/Lauge, Eng. lēðran/lather, ON laug, Ir. lóathar/, Welsh luddw | |
| *leH₃p- | cow | Alb. lopë, Ir. lāeg, Welsh llo | |
| *lei- | to pour | Gk. leibó, Skr. रियति (riyati), Hitt. lilái-, Goth. leithu, Lith. lieti, Old Prussian isliuns, OCS liti, Russ. лить (lit'), Polish lac', Ir. lie/, Welsh lliant, Kurd. rijyan | |
| *leig- | to jump | Gk. elelizdō/, Lith. laigyti; liuoksėti, Goth. laiks, Gm. leih/Leich, Skr. रेजति (rejati), Pers. /ālēxtan, Eng. lāc/—, ON leikr | |
| *leikʷ- | to leave | Lat. linquō, Lith. likti, Ltv. likt, Ir. léicid/, Gm. līhan/leihen, Arm. lk'anem, Gk. leipō, Skr. रिणक्ति (riṇakti), Av. raexnah, Pers. /rēxtan, Old Prussian polijcki, Russ. олек (olek), Eng. lǣnan/lend, ON ljá, Goth. leiƕan | |
| *leiǵʰ- | to lick | Lat. lingere, Skr. लेढि (leḍhi), Ir. ligim/, Gk. leikhein, Arm. luzel, Russ. лизать (lizat'), Gm. leckôn/lecken, Eng. liccian/lick, Kamviri liza, Polish lizać, Alb. lëpij, ON sleikja, Pers. /lēsēdan, Av. raēzate, Lith. laižyti, Ltv. laizīt, Welsh llywu, Goth. bilaigon, Kurd. lésínewe | |
| *lendʰ- | loin, kidney | Gm. lenti/Lende, Eng. lenden/—, ON lend, Russ. лядвие (ljadvie), Lat. lumbus | |
| *lendʰo- | steppe | Old Prussian lindan, Eng. land/land, ON land, Ir. land/lann, Welsh llan, OCS ledina, Russ. ляда (ljada), Polish ląd, Gm. /Land, Gaul. landa | |
| *lengʷʰ- | lightweight | Lat. levis, Alb. lehtë, Gk. elakhistos, Skr. लघु (laghu), Av. ragu, Lith. lengva, Ltv. liegs, Old Prussian lāngiseilingins, Goth. līhts, Eng. lēoht/light, Gm. līht/leicht, ON lēttr, Toch. /lankŭtse, Ir. lugu/lugha, Welsh llai, OCS lĭgŭkŭ, Polish lekki, Russ. лёгкий (lëgkij), Welsh lai, Kashmiri lo.t | |
| *leubʰ- | to love | Russ. любить (ljubit'), Skr. लुभ्यति (lubhyati), Eng. lufu/love, Lith. liaupsė, Alb. lum, Gm. liob/Liebe, Polish lubić, ON ljúfr, Goth. liufs, Lat. libido, Oscan loufit, OCS ljubŭ | |
| *leudʰ-o- | people | Lat. līber, Lith. liaudis, Ltv. ļaudis, OCS ljudĭje, Russ. люди (ljudi), Gk. eleutheros, Ir. luss/, Skr. रोधति (rodhati), Av. raoða, Gm. liut/Leute, Polish lud, ON ljóðr, Alb. lind, Oscan Lúvfreís, Welsh llysiau, Goth. liudan, Eng. lēod/, Old Prussian ludis | |
| *leugʰ- | to tell a lie | Eng. lyge/lie, Gm. liogan/lügen, ON ljúga, Goth. liugan, Lith. lugoti, OCS lŭgati, Russ. лгать (lgat'), Welsh llu, Ir. luige/, Polish łgać | |
| *leuk-; *lóuk-o- | bright; light | OCS luci, Russ. луг (lug), Skr. रोचते (rocate), Gk. leukos, Eng. lēoht/light, Gm. lioht/licht, Kamviri luka, Goth. liuhaþ, ON leygr, Toch. luk, Oscan Lúvkis, Umbrian Vuvçis, Welsh llug, Ir. loscaim/loiscim, Lat. lux, Lith. lauka, Ltv. lauks, Hitt. lalukkes, Lyc. luga, Luw. luha-, Arm. loys, Kamviri ṛuč, Gaul. leux, Av. raočant | |
| *leuk-s | lynx | Gk. lugks, Lith. lūšis, Ltv. lūsis, Old Prussian luysis, Gm. luhs/Luchs, Eng. lox/—, Russ. рысь (rys'), Polish ryś, Arm. lusanun, Ir. lug/ | |
| *leuǵ- | to break | Gk. lugros/, Alb. lungë, Arm. lucanel/ludzanel, Ir. lucht/, Gm. /Lücke; /Luke, Lith. laužti, Ltv. lauzt, Skr. रुजति (rujati), Av. uruxti, Welsh llwyth, Eng. tōlūcan/ | |
| *lino- | flax | Lat. līnum, Gk. linon, Lith. linas, Ltv. lini, Old Prussian linno, Ir. lín/líon, Alb. liri/lîni, Goth. lein, Polish len, Russ. лён (lën), Welsh llin, Eng. lin/linen, Gm. lin/Leinen, ON lín, OCS lĭnŭ | |
| *luHs- | louse | Lith. liulė, Welsh llau, Eng. lūs/louse, Gm. lūs/Laus, ON lús | |
| *lāu- | to acquire | Gk. leia, Goth. laun, OCS lovŭ, Russ. ловить (lovit'), Ir. lúag/, Welsh llawen, Gm. lōn/Lohn, Lith. lavinti, ON laun, Eng. lēan/, Skr. लोतम् (lotam), Polish łowić |
m
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *magʰ- | to be able | Pers. magus/, Lith. magėti, Ltv. megt, Eng. meaht/might; mæg/may, OCS mogǫ, Gm. magan/mögen, Polish mogę, ON mega, Russ. мочь (moč'), Skr. मघ (magha), Toch. mokats/, Gk. mēkhos, Goth. magan, Arm. mart'ans |
| *magʰó- | young | Goth. magus, Gaul. Magurīx, Ir. maug/, Av. maġava, Alb. makth, Ltv. mač, Gm. magad/Magd, Eng. mægð/maid, Welsh meudwy, ON mǫgr |
| *mak- | pouch | Lith. maišas, Ltv. maks, Ir. mén/, Welsh megin, Gm. mago/Magen, Eng. maga/maw, ON magi, OCS mosina, Russ. мошна (mošna), Polish moszna, Old Prussian dantimax |
| *man- | hand | Gk. mane, Lat. manus, Eng. mund/—, Gm. munt/Vormund, ON mundr |
| *marko- | horse | Gaul. markan, Ir. marc/marcach, Welsh march, Eng. mere/mare, Gm. marah/Mähre, ON marr |
| *mat- | mattock | Lat. mateola, Skr. मत्य (matya), Russ. мотыга (motyga), Polish motyka, Gm. modela, Gaul. matog, Welsh matog |
| *me | me | Alb. mua, Lat. me, Umbrian mehe, Eng. mec/me, Gm. mih/mich, Ir. mé/mé, Russ. меня, мне, мной (menja; mne; mnoj), Hitt. ammuk, Lyc. amu, Lyd. amu, Goth. mik, ON mik; mér, Polish mi; mię; mnie, Gk. eme, Skr. मम् (mam), Av. mam, Welsh mi, Pers. /man, Venetic mego, Lith. man, Kurd. (i)m(in) |
| *med- | measure, consider | Lat. meditor, Welsh meddu, Gk. medomai, ON meta, Eng. metan/mete; ǣmtig/empty, Arm. mit/mid, Skr. मस्ति (masti), Av. azdā, Pers. azdā/, Umbrian meřs, Oscan meddiss, Av. midiur/, Toch. mem/maim, Goth. mitan, Gm. mezzan/messen |
| *medʰ-u- | mead | Skr. मधु (madhu), OCS medŭ, Russ. мёд (mjod), Lith. medus, Ltv. medus, Eng. meodu/mead, Gk. methu, Av. maðu, Kamviri mura, Kashmiri mäch, Polish miód, Welsh medd, Toch. mit, Gm. metu/Met, ON mjǫðr, Ir. mid/, Old Prussian meddo, Osset. myd/mud, Luw. maddu- |
| *medʰyo- | between | Gaul. Mediolānum, Eng. ælemidde/middle, Russ. между (meždu), Gm. mitti/Mitte, Skr. मध्य (madhya), Kamviri pâmüč, Goth. midjis, ON meðal, Polish między, Illyr. metu, Lith. medis, Ltv. mežs, Arm. mēj/mēč, Oscan mefiaí, Pers. /mēān, Old Prussian median, Lat. medium, Oscan mefiaí, Welsh mewnin, Ir. mid/, Av. maiðya, OCS mežda |
| * | moon, month | Gk. mēn, Toch. mañ/meñe, Lat. mēnsis, Eng. mōna/moon, OCS meseci, Polish miesiąc, Russ. месяц (mesjats), Skr. मास (māsa), Arm. amis, Av. maoṅh, Ir. mí/mí, ON mani, Gm. mano/Mond, Goth. mena, Alb. muaj, Lith. mėnuo, Ltv. meness, Welsh mis, Kamviri mos, Pers. /māh, Osset. mæj, Old Prussian menig, Kurd. mang |
| *mei- | small | Hitt. meiu-, Lat. minor, Gk. meiōn, OCS mĭnii, Russ. менее (menee), Gm. min/minder, Goth. mins, ON minnr, Skr. मिनाति (mināti), Oscan menvum, Toch. /maiwe, Eng. min/, Luw. mawa |
| *mei- | to change | Lat. mūnus, Eng. gemǣne/mean, Gm. gimeini/gemein, Goth. gamains, Skr. मयते (mayate); मेनि (meni), OCS mĕna, Russ. менять (menjat'), Lith. mainyti, Ltv. mains, Ir. móin/, Welsh mwyn, Polish zmiana, Av. maēni, Hitt. immiya- |
| *meigʰ- | to urinate | Skr. मेहति (mehati), Av. maēsati, Lith. myžti, Ltv. mīzt, Russ. мезга (mezga), Arm. mizel, Toch. —/miśo, Gk. omeihein, ON míga, Goth. maihstus, Eng. māsc/mash, Gm. /Maisch; miskan/mischen, Lat. mingere, Kurd. méz |
| *meldʰ- | lightning | Old Prussian mealde, Lith. milna, Russ. молния (molnija) |
| *melH₁- | to grind, rub, break up | OCS melję, Russ. мелю (melju), Lith. malti, Ltv. malt, Toch. malyw-/mely-, Eng. melo/meal, Alb. miell, Arm. malem, Gk. mulos, Goth. malan, ON mala, Gm. malan/mahlen, Lat. molere, Umbrian kumaltu, Welsh malu, Ir. melim/meilim, Hitt. malla, Polish mleć |
| *melk- | wet->milk | Lith. malkas, Ltv. malks, Gk. melkion, OCS mlĕko, Russ. молоко (moloko), Polish mleko |
| *melǵ- | to milk | Lat. mulgeō, Eng. melcan/milk, Gm. melcan/melken, Goth. miluks, ON mjölk, Toch. malke/malkwer, Gk. amelgō, Ir. bligim/, Welsh blith, Lith. melžti, Russ. молозиво (molozivo), Skr. मर्जति (marjati), Alb. mjel |
| *memso- | flesh | Skr. मांस (māṃsa), Lat. membrum, Old Prussian mensā, Goth. mimz, Russ. мясо (mjaso), Alb. mish, Arm. mis, Toch. /mīsa, Gk. mēnigks, Kashmiri maz, Lith. mėsa, Ltv. miesa, Ir. mír/mír |
| *men- | mind | Gk. menos, Lat. mēns, Skr. मनस् (manas), Av. manah, Eng. gemynd/mind, Goth. muns, ON minni; man, Gm. minna/Minne, Lith. mintis, Ltv. minēt, Old Prussian mēntimai, OCS mineti, Russ. мнить (mnit'), Arm. mitk'/midk', Alb. mund, Pers. mainyāhay/, Toch. mnu/mañu, Ir. dermet/dearmad, Welsh cof |
| *mer- | to die | Lat. mortŭus, OCS mrĭtvŭ, Russ. мереть (meret'), Lith. mirti, Ltv. mirt, Skr. मरति (marati), Av. miryeite, Arm. meṙnil, Gk. brotos, Eng. morþor/murder, Gm. mord/Mord, ON morð, Goth. maurþr, Gaul. marvos, Kamviri mṛe, Osset. maryn/, Polish mord; umrzeć, Ir. marb/marbh, Welsh marw, Pers. amariyata/mordan, Hitt. mer, Kurd. mirin |
| *meǵ- | great | Gk. megas, Lat. magnus, Arm. mec/medz, Illyr. mag, Gaul. Magiorīx, Alb. madh, Skr. महयति (mahayati), Toch. māk/mākā, Goth. mikils, Phryg. meka-, Eng. micil/much, ON mikill, Av. mazant, Pers. /meh, Hitt. makkes, Ir. mochtae/, Welsh Maclgwn, Gm. mihhil/— Kurd. mezin |
| *misdʰo- | fee | Skr. मीढ (mīḍha), Av. mīžda, Goth. mizdō, Russ. мзда (mzda), Gk. misthos, Gm. mieta/Miete, Pers. /muzd, Eng. mēd/meed, OCS mĭzda |
| *mon- | neck | Skr. मन्या (manyā), Lat. monīle, Eng. manu/mane, Gm. mana/Mähne, Ir. muin/muin, Gk. mannon, Russ. монисто (monisto), Welsh mwnwgl, Gaul. maniakēs, ON mǫn, Av. minu |
| *mor- | blackberry | Gk. moron, Arm. mori, Lat. mōrum, Hitt. muri, Ir. smér/smeur, Welsh mwyaren |
| * | sea, lake | Lat. mare, Polish morze, Russ. море (more), Gaul. Aremorici, Lith. marios, Ltv. mare, Skr. मर्यादा (maryādā), Eng. mere/mere; mersc/marsh, Gm. meri/Meer, Old Prussian mary, Welsh môr, Ir. muir/muir, Goth. marei, ON marr, Alb. përmjerr |
| *morwi- | ant | Lat. formīca, Ir. moirb/, Av. maoiri, Skr. वम्र (vamra), Gk. μύρμηγξ/μυρμήγκι (mirmigs/mirmigi), ON maurr, Crimean Gothic miera, Arm. mrjiun/mrčiun, Polish mrówka, Alb. morr, Pers. /murče, OCS mravie, Russ. муровей (murovej), Toch. /warme, Kurd. Mérú, Bret. merienenn/merien |
| *mosgo- | brain | Russ. мозг (mozg), Av. mazga, Skr. मज्जन् (majjan), Kashmiri massunt, Old Prussian musgeno, Gm. marag/Mark, Pers. /maġz, Polish mózg, Toch. mäśśunt/, Lith. smagenės, Ltv. smadzenis, Eng. mearg/marrow, ON mergr, Kurd. méšk |
| *mreǵʰú- | short | Lat. brevis, Av. mərəzujiti, Gm. murgi/, Eng. mirige/merry, Gk. brakhus, Gk. gamaúrgjan |
| *mu- | fly | Lith. musė, Ltv. muša, Lat. musca, Russ. муха (muxa), Gm. mucka/Mücke, Eng. mycg/midge, Alb. mizë, Gk. muia, Arm. mun, Kashmiri ma.čh, OCS mŭšĭ, Polish mucha, ON mý, Pers. /magas, Old Prussian muso |
| *muH₁s- | mouse | Skr. मूष् (mūṣ), Av. mus, Lat. mūs, Gk. mūs, Russ. мышь (myš'), Arm. muk/mug, Alb. mi, Gm. mus/Maus, Eng. mūs/mouse, Kamviri musa, Pers. /muš, ON mús, Polish mysz, Lith. musė, Osset. myst/mistæ |
| * | mother | Arm. mayr, Alb. motër, Lith. motina, Ltv. māte, Old Prussian mūti, Gaul. mātir, Ir. máthir/máthair, Kashmiri mā.j, Lat. māter, Oscan maatreís, Umbrian matrer, Gk. mētēr, Russ. мать (mat'), Skr. मातृ (mātṛ), Av. mātar, Toch. mācar/mācer, Gm. muoter/Mutter, Eng. mōdor/mother, Welsh modryb, Kamviri motr, ON móðir, Pers. /mādar, Phryg. mater, Osset. mad/madæ, Polish matka, OCS |
| *mánu- | person | Skr. मनु (manu), Av. Manuščiθra, Eng. mann/man, Gm. man/Mann, Goth. manna, ON maðr, OCS Russ. муж (muž), Lith. žmogus, Kamviri mânša, Pers. /mard, Polish mąż, Kurd. mér |
| *mélH₁-it- | honey | Gk. melitos, Lat. mel, Arm. meġr, Alb. mjaltë, Gaul. Melissus, Ir. mil/, Goth. miliþ, Eng. mildēaw/mildew, Gm. milltou/Mehltau, Welsh mêl, Hitt. milit, Luw. mallit-, Palaic malit- |
| *méne / *me-ós | my, mine | Eng. /mine, Gm. /mein, Kurd. ímin |
| *móiso- | (animal) hide | Lith. maišas, Ltv. maiss, Skr. मेष (meṣa), Av. maēša, ON meiss, Russ. мех (mex), Gm. meissa/, Old Prussian moasis, Alb. meshinë; mill |
n
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| * | cloud | Lat. nebŭlō, OCS nebo, Russ. небо (nebo), Skr. नभस् (nabhas), Gk. nephos, Hitt. nepiš, Lyc. tabahaza, Luw. tappaš-, Gm. nebul/Nebel, Eng. nifol/—, Welsh nef, Kamviri niru, Polish niebo, Lith. debesis, Ltv. debess, Av. nabah, Ir. nem/neamh, ON niflhel |
| *negʷʰro- | kidney | Lat nefrōnes, Gk. nephrōs/, Gm. nioro/Niere, ON nýra |
| *neH₁tr- | snake | Lat. natrix, Eng. nǣddre/adder, Gm. natara/Natter, Welsh neidr, Goth. nadrs, ON naðr, Ir. nathir/nathair |
| *neH₂-u- | corpse | Toch. nut/naut, Goth. naus, OCS navi, Russ. навь (nav'), Welsh newyn, Gm. not/, ON nār, Eng. néo-/—, Old Prussian nowis, Lith. novyti, Ltv. nāve, Ir. núne/ |
| *neigʷ- | to wash | Lat. noegeum, Ir. nigim/nighim, ON nykr, Gm. nihhus/Nix, Gk. niptō, Skr. नेनेक्ति (nenekti), Welsh enneint, Eng. nicor/ |
| *neik- | to winnow | Lith. niekoti, Ltv. niekāt, Gk. neiklon, Welsh nithio |
| *nem- | to allot/distribute | Lat. numerus, Ir. nem/nimh, Gm. neman/nehmen, Gk. nemō, Goth. niman, ON nema, Lith. nuomas, Ltv. noma, Eng. niman/numb, Av. nəmah, Toch. /ñemek, Russ. немой (nemoj) |
| *neḱ- | dead person, death | Skr. नश्यति (naśyati), Av. nasyeiti, Gk. nekros, Lith. našlys, Lat. nex, Toch. näk/näk, Ir. éc/eug, Welsh angeu, ON Naglfar |
| *ni | down | Skr. नि (ni), Eng. niþera/nether-, Gm. nidar/nieder, ON niðr, Gk. neiothen, OCS nizu, Russ. низ (niz) |
| *nogʷó- | naked | Eng. nacod/naked, Goth. naqaþs, Skr. नग्न (nagna), Hitt. nekumant, Gk. gumnos, Lat. nūdus, Lith. nuogas, Ltv. nogs, Ir. nocht/, Gm. nackot/nackt, Polish nagi, ON nakinn, Av. maġna, Welsh noeth, OCS nagŭ, Russ. нагой (nagoj), Kashmiri naṅgay |
| * | night | Gk. nuks, Lat. nox, Lith. naktis, Ltv. nakts, Gm. naht/Nacht, Skr. नक्ति(nakti), Hitt. nekuz 'of night' (< genitive *nekʷt-s), Russ. ночь (noč'}, Alb. natë, Ir. innocht/anochd, Toch. nakcu/nekcīye, Welsh nos, Eng. niht/night, Polish noc, Old Prussian naktin, Goth. nahts, ON nótt, OCS nosti |
| * | nine | Arm. inn/inn/innĕ, Alb. nëntë/nândë, Lith. devyni, Ltv. deviņi, Gaul. navan, Gm. niun/neun, Eng. nigon/nine, Gk. ennea, Av. nauua, Ir. nói/naoi, Kashmiri nav, Lyc. ñuñtãta-, Kamviri nu, Lat. novem, Oscan nuven, ON níu, Old Prussian newīnjai, Pers. nava/noh, OCS devętĭ, Polish dziewięć, Russ. девять (devjat'), Skr. नव (nava), Toch. ñu, Umbrian nuvim, Goth. niun, Welsh naw |
| *néH₂-u- | swim | *néH₂-u- "ship": Skr. नौ (nāu), Ir. nau/, Gk. naus, Lat. nāvis, Av. navāza, Pers. nāviyā/nav, Arm. nav, ON nōr, Osset. nau, Alb. anije, Welsh noe, Eng. nōwend/— |
| *népot- (nom. *népōt-s gen. *nept-ós) | grandson/nephew | Lat. nepōs, Skr. नपात् (napāt), Av. napāt, Gk. anepsios/, Alb. nip, Eng. nefa/—, Gaul. nei, Gm. nevo/Neffe, Welsh nai, Kamviri nâvo, Pers. napā/nave, Lith. nepuotis, Ir. necht/; níath/, OCS nestera, Old Russ. нестера (nestera), Polish nieściora |
| *nu | now | Alb. tani, Lith. nū, Ltv. nu, Gm. nu/nun, Lat. nunc, Eng. nū/now, Gk. nu/, Hitt. nu, Luw. nanun, ON nū, Pers. nūra/, Old Prussian teinu, Skr. नू (nū), Toch. nuṃ/nano, Goth. nu, OCS nu |
| *néwo- | new | (full grade of nu "now".) Lat. novus, OCS novŭ, Russ. новый (novyj), Gk. neos, Hitt. newa, Eng. nīwe/new, Skr. नव (nava), Av. nava, Lith. naujas, Ltv. naujš, Gaul. Noviodūnum, Arm. nor, Gm. niuwi/neu, Kamviri nuĩ, Kashmiri nōv, Osset. nog/, Polish nowy, Welsh newydd, Pers. /now, Toch. ñu/ñuwe, Old Prussian nauns, Oscan Núvellum, Goth. niujis, Ir. nue/nua, ON nýr, Thrac. neos, Luw. nāwa |
| * | nest | secondary root, from ni- + sed. OCS gnĕzdo, Russ. гнездо (gnezdo), Eng. nest/nest, Arm. nist, Skr. नीड (nīḍá), Ir. net/net, Gm. nest/Nest, Polish gniazdo, Welsh nyth, Lat. nidus |
p
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *pasto- | solid | Skr. पस्त्यम् (pastyam), Gm. festi/fest, Eng. fæst/fast Arm. hast/hasd, Goth. fastan, ON fastr |
| *peg- | breast | Skr. पक्षस् (pakṣas), Lat. pectus, Ltv. paksis, Russ. пах (pax), Toch. päśśäṃ/päścane |
| *peh₂- | to protect | Skr. पाति (pāti), Toch. pās/pāsk, Gk. poimēn, Lat. pāstum, Gm. fuoten/Futter, Eng. fēdan/feed, Lith. piemuo, Goth. fōdjan; fōdr, Av. pāiti, Pers. xšaθrapāvan/, ON føða; fōðr |
| *peh₃i- | to drink | Russ. пить (pit'), Skr. पा (pā), Gk. Alb. pi, Ir. ibim/ibhim, Welsh yfed, Polish pić, Lith. puota, Old Prussian poutwei, Hitt. pas, Thrac. pinon, Arm. əmpelik'/əmbelik', Lat. pōtōāre, Umbrian puni, OCS pitijĭ |
| * | to pluck | *peḱ-u- "cattle"; Gk. pekō, Lat. pandō, Lith. pekus, Old Prussian pecku, Skr. पशु (paśu), Av. pasu, Goth. faihu, Eng. feoh/fee, Alb. pilë, Gm. fihu/vieh, ON fé, Arm. asr, Kurd. pas |
| *pekʷ- | to cook | Lat. coquere, Alb. pjek, Russ. пеку (peku), Skr. पचति (pacati), Toch. päk/päk, Welsh poeth, Gk. pepsis, Kamviri puk, Lith. kepti, Ltv. cept, OCS pekǫ, Pers. /puxtan, Polish piekę, Old Prussian pektis, Eng. āfigen/ |
| *pel- | flour | Old Prussian pelwo, Gk. palunein, Lat. palea, Skr. पलाल (palāla), Lith. pelūs, Ltv. pelus, Russ. полова (polova), Polish plewa |
| *pel- | gray | Alb. plak, Arm. alik', Skr. पलित (palita), Av. pouruša, Pers. /pūrū, XMK pellus, Gk. pelitnos, Lat. palleō, Ir. laith/, Welsh llwyd, Lith. pelekas, Ltv. pelēks, Old Prussian pele, Russ. пелёсый (pelësyj), ON fǫlr, Gm. falo/, Eng. fealo/ |
| *pel- | skin | Gk. pelos; pilon, Lat. pellis, Russ. пелена (pelena), Goth. fill, Gm. fël/Fell, Eng. filmen/film, Lith. plėnė, Ltv. plēne, Old Prussian pleynis, ON feldr |
| pelh₂- | flat | Hitt. palḫiš, Arm. lain, Lith. plōna, Ltv. plāns, Old Prussian plonis, Gaul. Arelicca, Ir. lár, Welsh llawr, Eng. feld/field, Gm. feld/feld, Gk. planēs; plassō, Skr. पृथु (pṛthu), Av. fraθah, Lat. plānus, Polish płaski, Russ. плоский (ploskij); nidar ploskŭ, OCS ploskŭ |
| *pent- | road | Lat. pontis, Gk. pontos, Skr. पन्था (panthā), Av. pantå, Russ. путь (put'), Goth. finþan, Eng. findan/find, Gm. findan/finden, ON finna, Arm. hun, Kamviri put, Old Prussian pintis, Ir. /és, OCS pǫtĭ, Pers. paθim/ |
| *perd- | to fart | Russ. пердеть (perdet'), Skr. पर्दते (pardate), Lith. persti, Ltv. pirst, Phryg. perdomai, Alb. pjerth; pordh, Eng. feortan/fart, Gm. ferzan/furzen, ON freta, Polish pierdzieć, Gk. perdein, Av. pərəðaiti, Welsh rhech |
| *perkʷu- | eik | Latijn quercus, Zwitserduits Ferch ‘eikenhout’, Punjabi pargāī ‘steeneik’ |
| *pers- | dust | Toch. pärs/pärs, Av. paršuya, Lith. purkšti, Ltv. pārsla, ON fors, Hitt. pappars, Skr. पृसति (pṛsati), OCS praxŭ, Russ. прах (prax) |
| *persn-eh₂- | heel | Lat. perna/pernis, Skr. पार्ष्नि (pārṣni), Hitt. parsina, Goth. fairsna, Gm. fërsana/Ferse, Gk. ptera, Eng. fiersn/— , Pers. /pāšne(h), Lith. pentinas |
| *perḱ- | rib | Lith. piršys, Skr. पर्शुस् (parśus), Av. parəsu, Osset. fars, OCS persi |
| *pes- | penis | Gk. peos, Lat. pēnis, Gm. faselt/Fasel, ON fösull, Eng. fæsl/—, Skr. पसस् (pasas) |
| *pet- | to fly | Eng. feðer/feather, Gm. fedarah/Feder, ON fjǫðr, Lat. petō, Skr. पतति (patati), Hitt. pattar, Gk. pteruks, Welsh eterin, Pers. udapatatā/, Arm. t'ṙč'im, Ir. ette/iteóg, Welsh aden, Av. pataiti, Ltv. pētīt |
| *pet- | to open arms | Gk. petalon, Av. paθana, Eng. fæðm/fathom, ON faðmr, Gm. fadam/Faden, Scottish Gaelic aitheamh |
| * | father | Lat. pater, Oscan patír, Umbrian pater, Gk. Toch. pācar/pācer, Gaul. ātir, Skr. पितृ (pitṛ), Gm. fater/Vater, Ir. athir/athair, Eng. fæder/father, Welsh gwaladr, Kashmiri petū'r, Pers. pitā/pedar, Osset. fyd/fidæ, ON faðir, Goth. fadar, Gaul. Ateronius |
| *pisd-eh₂- | vulva, kut | Litouws pyzdà, Russisch pizdá, Albanees pidh, Nuristani pəṛī́ |
| *pleH₂k- | to hit | Lat. plangō, Eng. flōk/fluke; flōcan/, Gk. plēttō, OCS plakati, Russ. плакать (plakat'), Polish płakać, Lith. plakti, Ir. lén/, Goth. flōkan, ON flókinn, Gm. fluoh/Fluch |
| *plek- | to plait/braid | Gk. plekein, Lat. plectere, ON flétta, Goth. flahto, Gm. flehtan/flechten, Eng. fleohtan/—, Skr. प्रश्न (praśna), Av. ərəzato frašnəm, OCS plesti, Russ. плету (pletu), Polish pleść, Alb. plaf, Lith. pinti |
| *pléu-mon- | lung | Gk. pleumōn, Skr. क्लोमन् (kloman), Lith. plaučiai, Ltv. plaušas, Russ. плюче (pljuče), Old Prussian plauti, Serb. pluća |
| *plúsis ~ *bʰlus- | vlo | Ndl vlo, Latijn pūlex, Oudgrieks psúlla, Albanees plesht, Armeens lu, Yidgha frīgo, Sanskriets plúṣi; Litouws blusà en Russisch blochá |
| * | five | Arm. hing/hing/hink, Alb. pesë/pesë, Lith. penki, Ltv. pieci, Gaul. pempe, Gm. fimf/fünf, Eng. fīf/five, Phryg. pinke, Gk. pente, Av. paṇča, Ir. cóic/cúig, Kashmiri pā.~tsh, Kamviri puč, Luw. panta, Oscan pompe, ON fimm, Old Prussian pēnkjāi, Osset. fondz/fondz, Pers. panča/panj, OCS pętĭ, Polish pięć, Russ. пять (pjat'), Skr. पञ्च (pañca), Toch. päñ/piś, Lat. quinque, Umbrian pumpe, Goth. fimf, Welsh pump |
| *pneu- | to breathe | Gk. pneuma, ON fnysa, Eng. fnēosan/sneeze Gm. fnehan/ |
| * | foot | Lith. pėda, Ltv. pēda, Lat. pēs, Umbrian peři, Skr. पाद (pāda), Eng. fōt/foot, Arm. votk'/vodk', Gk. Alb. poshtë, Toch. peṃ/paiyye, Osset. fad/, Gm. fuoz/Fuß, OCS pēs, Russ. пеший (pešij), Polish pieszy, Old Prussian pe'da', Hitt. pata, Lyc. pede-, Luw. pati-, Av. pâdha, ON fótr, Goth. fotus, Pers. /pa, Gaul. candetum, XMK argiopus |
| *poimno- | foam | Lat. pūmex, Lith. puta, Skr. फेन (phena), OCS pĕna, Polish piana, Russ. пена (pena), Eng. fām/foam, Gm. feim/Feim, Osset. fink, Old Prussian spoayno |
| *porḱo- | farrow | Gk. porkos, Lat. porcus, Lith. paršas, Old Prussian parstian, Russ. поросята (porosjata), Polish prosię; prosiak, Eng. fearh/farrow, Ir. orc/, Gm. farah/Ferkel, Umbrian purka, Kurd. purs, Saka pāsa, Gaul. orko |
| *prai- | to like | Skr. प्रीणाति (prīṇāti), OCS prĕjǫ, Russ. прижать (prižat'), Ltv. prieks, Gk. praos, Av. frā/, Goth. freis, Eng. frēond/friend, Gm. friunt/Freund, Polish przyjaźń(?); sprzyjać, ON Frigg, Welsh rhydd, Ir. ríar/ |
| *preu- | to jump | Russ. прыгать (prygat'), Skr. प्रवते (pravate), Gm. frosc/Frosch, Eng. frogga/frog, ON froskr, Lith. šokt, Pers. /Paredan |
| *preḱ- | to ask, to pray | Lat. poscō, Toch. prak/prek, Skr. पृच्छति (pṛcchati), OCS prositi, Russ. просить (prosit'), Lith. piršti, Ltv. pirslis, Gm. frāga/fragen; forscōn/forschen, Eng. frignan/—, ON fregna, Goth. fraihnan, Pers. /pursēdan, Av. pərəsaiti, Oscan aparsam/, Arm. harc'nel, Welsh archaf, Ir. /arco, Toch. pärk/pärk, Umbrian pepurkurent |
| *prih₁-mó- / *prō-to- | foremost (-> first) |
Alb. i parë, Av. pairi, Lith. pirmas, Ltv. pirmais, Gm. furist/Fürst; fruo/früh, Eng. fyrst/first, Gk. prōtos, Hitt. para, Av. paoiriia, Ir. er/air, Kamviri pürük, Lyc. pri, OCS pĭrvŭ, Oscan perum, ON fyrstr, Old Prussian pariy, Osset. fyccag; farast/farast, Polish pierwszy, Russ. первый (pervyj), Skr. प्रथम (prathama), Toch. parwät/parwe, Lat. primus, Umbrian pert, Welsh ar |
| *psten- | breast | Gk. stēthos, Arm. stin/sdin, Skr. स्तन (stana), Av. fštāna, Lith. spenys, Ltv. spenis, ON speni, Gm. spunni/Spanferkel, Ir. sine/sine, Alb. gji, Old Prussian spenis, Pers. /pestan, Eng. spane/— |
| *puhr- | wheat | Skr. पूर (pūra), Gk. puros/, Lith. pūrai, Ltv. pūŗi, Old Prussian pure, Eng. fyrs/furze, OCS pyre, Russ. пырей (pyrej) |
| *pulh₂os | haar | Middeliers ul ‘baard’, Oudgrieks pýligges ‘lichaamsbeharing’, Pasjtoe pal ‘franje’, Koerdisch pūr ‘hoofdhaar’, Sanskriet mv. pulakās ‘piekhaar’, pulsatin ‘zachte beharing’ |
| *péh₂ur- (gen. *ph₂un-ós) | vuur, brand | Ndl vuur, Umbrisch pir, Tochaars A/B por̄/puwar, Hettitisch paḫḫur, Oudgrieks pȳ́r, Tsjechisch pýř ‘gloeiende as’, Armeens hur ‘fakkel’, Sanskriet pāvaka |
r
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *rap- | turnip | Lat. rapum, OCS repa, Russ. репа (repa), Lith. ropė, Gm. raba/Rübe, Gk. ῥαπύς (rhapus), Polish rzepa |
| *rebʰ- | to roof | Gk. ἐρέφω (erephō), OCS rebro, Russ. ребро (rebro), Eng. ribb/rib, ON rif, Gm. ribba/Rippe, Polish żebro, Alb. brinjë |
| *rep- | to snatch | Lat. rapere, Gk. ἐρέπτομαι (ereptomai); ἁρπάζω (harpazein) |
| *resg- | to plait | Lat. restis, Lith. regsti, Ltv. režģīt, OCS rozga, Russ. розга (rozga), Skr. रज्जु (rajju), Eng. resc/, Polish rózga |
| *rotH₂-o- | wheel | Lat. rota, Alb. rrath, Lith. ratas, Ltv. rats, Gaul. Rotomagus, Gm. rad/Rad, Eng. rodur/, Ir. /rath, Skr. रथ (ratha), Welsh rhod, Av. raθa, ON rǫðull |
s
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *(s)mei- | to laugh | OCS smĕjǫ, Russ. смеяться (smejat'sja), Skr. स्मयते (smayate), Lith. smagintis, Ltv. smaids, Toch. smi/smi, Lat. mīrus, Gk. meidos, Ir. míad/, Polish śmiech, Eng. smearcian/smirk, |
| *(s)mer- | to remember | Eng. murnan/mourn, Skr. स्मरति (smarati), Av. smaraiti, Lat. memor, Ir. airmmert/, Welsh armerth, Gaul. Smerius, Goth. maúrnan, ON Mímir, Gm. mornēn/, Gk. mermeros, Arm. mormok'/mormos/mormos, Lith. pamiršti, Kurd. bír |
| *(s)neh₁- | to spin | Ltv. snāte, Skr. स्नायति (snāyati), Ir. snáthat/snáthad, Eng. nǣdl/needle, Gm. nādala/Nadel, Goth. nēþla, ON nál, Russ. нить (nit'), Lat. neō, Gk. nēθō, Welsh nodwydd |
| *(s)tauro- | bison | Av. staora, Goth. stiur, Lith. tauras, Ltv. tauriņš, Gk. tauros, Gaul. Tarbos, OCS turu, Russ. тур (tur), Polish tur, Eng. steor/steer, Gm. stior/Stier, Old Prussian tauris, Welsh tarw, ON stjórr, Lat. taurus, Oscan turuf, Alb. taroç, Ir. tarb/ |
| *(s)teg- (*stegō [1ps]) | to cover | Gk. στέγω (stégō), Lat. tegō, Skr. स्थगति (sthagati), Lith. stogas, Ltv. stags, Ir. tech/teach, Gm. thecken/decken, Eng. þæc/thatch, ON þekja, Russ. стог (stog), Polish stóg, Old Prussian stogis, Umbrian tehteřim, Welsh ty |
| *(s)teh₂-i- | to hide | Skr. स्तायत् (stāyat), Av. tāyu, Russ. таить (tait'), Ir. táid/, Hitt. tayezzi, Gk. tēusiē/, Toch. /enestai |
| *(s)ter- | sterile | Gk. steira, Lat. sterilis, Arm. sterj/sderč, Alb. shtjerre, Gm. stero/, Skr. स्तरी (starī), Goth. stairō, Eng. stierc/, Bulg. sterica |
| *(sm̥-)ǵʰéslo- | thousand | Skr. सहस्रम् (sahasram), Av. hazarəm, Pers. /hāzar, Gk. khilioi, Lat. mīlle, Toch. wälts/yaltse |
| *saus- | to dry | Alb. tha, Lith. sausa, Ltv. sauss, Old Prussian sausā, Eng. sēar/sear, Gm. sōrēn/—, Skr. शुष्यति (śuṣyati), Av. haoš, Pers. uška/xošk, Russ. сухой (suxoj), Gk. hauos/, Lat. sūdus |
| *sed - | to sit | OCS Russ. сидеть (sidet'), Polish siedzieć, Lat. sedeō, Lith. sėdėti, Ltv. sēdēt, Gaul. essedum, Eng. sittan/sit, Gm. sizzan/sitzen; sezzal/, ON sitja, Goth. sitan, Gk. hedzomai/, Ir. saidim/suidh, Welsh seddu, Skr. सद् (sad), Av. nišaðayeiti, Pers. niyašayadan/nešastan, Arm. nstil/nsdil, Old Prussian sīdons, Umbrian sersitu, Toch. sätk/ |
| *segh - | to hold | Skr. सहते (sahate), Gk. ἔχω (ekhō), Gm. sigu/Sieg, ON. sigr, Eng. sige/— |
| *seH₁- | to sow | Russ. сеять; семя (seyat'; semja), Lith. sėti, Ltv. sēt, Eng. sāwan/sow, Old Prussian semen, OCS Gm. sāen/säen, ON sá, Goth. saian, Lat. serere, Umbrian semenies, Polish siać, Welsh hil, Ir. sí/síol, Toch. sāry/, Hitt. sai, Skr. सायक (sāyaka), Umbrian semenies |
| *seH₁i- | to sift | Alb. shosh, Lith. sietas, Ltv. siets, Ir. sithlad/síolthughadh, Welsh hidl, ON sáld, Gk. ēthō, Russ. сито (sito), Polish sito, OCS sito |
| *seh₂g- | to seek out | Hitt. šak(k), Eng. sǣcan/beseech, Gm. suohhen/suchen, Goth. sōkjan, ON sǿkja, Gk. hēgesthai, Ir. saigim/, Welsh haeddu, Lat. sagīre |
| *sekʷ- | to follow | Lat. sequor, Lith. sekti, Ltv. sekt, Gk. ἕπομαι (hepomai), Ir. sech/seach, Welsh hep, ON seggr, Skr. सचते (sacate), Av. hačaitē, Eng. secg/—, Pers. hačā/, Toch. säk/, Gm. beinsegga/ |
| *selp- | butter | Toch. ṣälyp/ṣalype, Gk. helpos, Hitt. salpa-, Alb. gjalpë, Skr. सर्पिस् (sarpis), Eng. sealf/salve, Osset. carv/, Pers. /čarbi, Gm. salba/Salbe, Goth. salbon |
| *sem- | summer | Skr. समा (samā), Eng. sumor/summer, Av. ham, Arm. amaṙ, Gm. sumar/Sommer, ON sumar, Welsh haf, Ir. samrad/samhradh, Toch. ṣme/ṣmāye |
| * *sm̥- [prefix] | one, together | Lat. semel, Arm. mi/mek/meg, Alb. gjithë, Lith. sa, Eng. sum/some, Gm. saman/zusammen, Gk. heis, Hitt. san, Av. hakeret, Ir. samail/samhail, Lyc. sñta, Kamviri sâ~, Pers. hama/hamin, Russ. сам (sam), Skr. सकृत् (sakṛt), Toch. sas/ṣe, Welsh hafal, ON sami, Goth. sama |
| *semi- | half | Lat. sēmis, Gm. sami/—, Eng. sām-/sand-blind, Goth. sami-, Skr. समि (sami), Gk. hēmisus, Kamviri sâmaũ |
| *senH₁ó- | old | Lat. senex, Lith. senas, Ltv. sens, Gaul. Senognatus, ON sina, Skr. सन (sana), Av. hana, Arm. hin, Gk. henos, Welsh hyn, Goth. sineigs, Ir. sen/ |
| * | seven | Arm. evt'n/yot'/yot'ĕ, Alb. shtatë/shtatë, Lith. septyni, Ltv. septiņi, Gaul. sextan, Gm. sibun/sieben, Eng. seofon/seven, Gk. ἑπτά (hepta), Av. hapta, Ir. secht/seacht, Hitt. šipta-, Kashmiri sath, Kamviri sut, Lat. septem, Oscan seften, ON sjau, Old Prussian septīnjai, Osset. avd/avd, Pers. /haft, OCS Polish siedem, Russ. семь (sem'), Skr. सप्त (sapta), Toch. ṣpät/ṣukt, Goth. sibun, Welsh saith |
| *septm̥-ḱómt-h₂ | seventy | Lat. septuāgintā, Gk. heptákonta, Ir. /seachtó, Skr. सप्तति (saptati) |
| *serpe- | to creep | Alb. gjarpër/gjarpën, Gk. ἕρπω (herpō), Lat. serpō, Skr. सृप् (sṛp), Kashmiri so.rūph |
| *seuyó- | left (direction) | Skr. सव्य (savya), Welsh aswy, Av. haoya, Toch. —/saiwai, OCS šujĭ, Russ. шуй (šuj) |
| *skand- | to leap | Skr. स्कन्दति (skandati), Gk. σκάνδαλον (skandalon), Ir. scendim/scinn, Lat. scandere |
| *skap- | tool | Russ. щепа (ščepa), Lith. kapoti, Ltv. kaplis, Gm. skaft/, Gk. skeparnion, Lat. capus, Pers. /kāfad, Alb. kep, Old Prussian warnaycopo, ON skapt, OCS kopajǫ |
| *smek- | chin | Ir. smech/smeach, Lith. smakras, Ltv. smakrs, Skr. श्मश्रु (śmaśru), Hitt. zamakur, Arm. mauruk/maurug, Alb. mjekër, Lat. maxilla |
| *smeru- | grease | Ir. smiur/, Gk. smuris, Lat. medulla, Gm. smero/Schmer, Welsh mer, Eng. smerian/smear, Polish smar, Toch. /ṣmare, Lith. smarsas, ON smjǫr, Goth. smaírþr |
| *sneigʷʰ- | snow | Lith. sniegas, Ltv. sniegs, Old Prussian snaygis, Russ. снег (sneg), Ir. snechta/sneachta, Skr. स्नेह (sneha), Eng. snāw/snow, Gk. nipha, Gm. sneo/Schnee, ON snjór, Goth. snaiws, Polish śnieg, Welsh nyf, Av. snaēža, Toch. /śiñcatstse |
| *sneudʰ- | mist | Av. snaoða, Welsh nudd, Gk. nuthon, Lat. nūbēs |
| *snúso- | daughter-in-law | Skr. स्नुषा (snuṣā), Eng. snoru/—, Gk. nuos, Lat. nurus, Arm. nu, OCS snŭxa, Polish snecha, Russ. сноха (snoxa), Alb. nusa, Crimean Gothic schuos, ON snor, Gm. snur/Schnur |
| *sol- | salt | Lat. sāl, Umbrian salu, Toch. sāle/sālyiye, Lith. saldus, Ltv. sāļš, Eng. sealt/salt, Gk. ἅλς (hals), Arm. aġ, Ir. salann/, OCS Russ. соль (sol'), Gm. salz/Salz, Polish sól, Welsh halen, Alb. gjelbson, ON salt, Goth. salt, Old Prussian sal, Skr. सलिल (salila), Illyr. Salapia |
| *solwo- | whole | Toch. salu/solme, Gk. holos, Arm. olj/volj/volč, Ir. slán/slán, Alb. gjallë, Skr. सर्व (sarva), Av. haurva, Kamviri sũdi, Polish sowity, Welsh holl, Lat. salvus, Oscan salavs, Umbrian saluvom, Russ. сулей (sulej), Pers. haluva/, OCS sulĕi |
| *sp(y)eu- | to spit | Lat. spuere, Gk. ptuein, OCS pljujǫ, Lith. spjauti, Ltv. spļaut, Eng. spiwan/spew, Gm. spīwan/speien, ON spýja, Goth. spiewan, Skr. ष्टीवति (ṣṭīvati), Av. spāma, Arm. t'us, Pers. /tuf, Osset. thu, Russ. плюю (pljuju), Polish pluć |
| *sperg- | sparrow | Gm. sperk/sperling, Eng. spearwa/sparrow, Goth. sparwa, ON spǫrr, Toch. ṣpār/ṣpāra-, Gk. sparasion, Old Prussian spurglis, Pers. /parasto, Lat. parra, Umbrian parfam, Ir. serriach/ |
| *splenǵʰ- | spleen | Gk. σπλήν (splēn), Lat. liēn, Ir. selg/sealg, Av. sparazan, Skr. प्लीहन् (plīhan), Lith. blužnis, Old Prussian blusne, Kamviri pṛu, Arm. p'aycałn/p'aycaġ/p'aydzaġ, OCS slĕzena, Russ. селезёнка (selezjonka), Polish śledziona, Bret. felc'h |
| *srebʰ- | to gulp | Lat. sorbēo, Arm. arbi/arpi, Alb. gjerbë, Gk. rhopheō, Ir. srub, Lith. srėbti, Ltv. surbt; surbju, Russ. сёрбать (sjorbat'), Polish siorbać |
| *steh₂- | to stand | Av. hištaiti, Skr. तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati), Eng. standan/stand, Lat. stō, Umbrian stahmei, Oscan staíet, Lith. stoti, Ltv. stāt, Old Prussian stacle, OCS stati, Russ. стать (stat'), Gm. stān/stehen, Polish stać, Phryg. eistani, Goth. standan, ON stóð, Pers. aištata/istādan, Alb. shtuara, Welsh gwastad, Toch. ṣtām/stām, Gk. histami, Ir. tá/tá, Hitt. išta, Luw. išta-, Arm. stanam/sdanam, Lyc. ta- |
| *steigh- | to stride, to step | Alb. shteg, Lith. stigti, Ltv. steigt, Ir. techt/teachd, Welsh taith, Goth. steigan, ON stígan, Eng. stǣger/stair, Gm. stīgan/steigen, Gk. stikhos, Skr. स्तिघ्नोति (stighnoti), Russ. достигать (dostigat'), Polish ścigać, OCS postigǫnti |
| *suH₁- | swine | Eng. sū/sow, Ltv. sivēns, Russ. свин (svin), Skr. सूकर (sūkara), Alb. thi, Gk. hus, Gm. sū/Sau, Toch. —/suwo, Ir. socc/soc, Welsh hwch, Polish świnia, Lat. sūs, Umbrian sif, ON sýr, Goth. swein, Av. hū |
| *suro- | cheese | Lith. sūris, Russ. сыр (syr), ON surr, Alb. hirrë, Polish ser |
| *swe-sór- | sister | Eng. sweostor/sister, Gm. swester/Schwester, Skr. स्वसृ (svasṛ), OCS Russ. сестра (sestra), Polish siostra, Kamviri sus, Ir. siur/siur, Arm. k'uyr, Toch. ṣar/ṣer, Gk. eor/—, Lat. soror. Welsh chwaer, Gaul. suiior, ON systir, Goth. swistar, Av. xvaṅhar, Lith. sesuo, Old Prussian swestro, Pers. /xāhar |
| *swe-ḱuro- | father-/mother-in-law | Russ. свекровь (svekrov'), Skr. श्वशुर (śvaśura); श्वश्रू (śvaśrū), Lith. šešuras, Gm. swigur/Schwieger, Welsh chwegr, Arm. skesur/sgesur, Gk. hekuros, Lat. socrus, Alb. vjehërr, Kamviri č.uč., Eng. swēor/—, Av. xvasura-, Polish świekra, Goth. swaíhrō, ON svǽra, OCS svekŭrŭ |
| *sweh₂d-u- | sweet | Eng. swēte/sweet, Gk. hēdus, Lat. suāvis, Gaul. Suadurīx, Gm. suozi/süss, ON sötr, Welsh chwant, Ir. sant/, Skr. स्वादु (svādu), Lith. sūdyti, Av. xʷāsta, Goth. sutis, Toch. swār/swāre |
| *swei- | to whistle | Russ. свист (svist), Lith. švilpti, Ltv. svilpiens, Skr. क्ष्वेडति (kṣveḍati), Ir. ind fet/fead, Welsh chwythu, Polish świst, Gk. sizō/, Lat. sibāre, Goth. swiglōn, Gm. swegala/, Eng. swegalōn/, OCS svistati |
| *sweid- | sweat | Arm. k'rtink'/k'rdink', Alb. djersë, Eng. swǣtan/sweat, Lith. saldus, Ltv. sviedri, Skr. स्वेदते (svedate), Gk. hidros, Lat. sūdor, Gm. sweiz/Schweiss, Welsh chwys, ON sveiti, Av. xvaēda |
| *swel- | to burn | Ltv. svelt, Lith. sveltu, Goth. swiltan, ON svalr, Eng. swelan, Gk. hēlios, Skr. स्वरति (svarati), Toch. slam/sleme |
| *swep- | sleep | Lith. sapnas, Skr. स्वप्न (svapna), Lat. somnus, ON svefn, Toch. ṣpäṃ/ṣpane, Gk. hupnos, Av. xvafna, Ir. suán/suan, OCS sunu, Russ. сон (son), Arm. k'nel, Alb. gjumë, Welsh hun, Eng. swefan/—, Pers. /xāb |
| *swep- | to throw | Lat. supāre, Skr. स्वपू (svapū), Lith. supti, Ltv. šūpāt, OCS svepiti sę, Russ. сыпать (sypat'), ON sófl, Polish sypać |
| *swergʰ- | to be ill | Goth. saurga, Gm. soraga/Sorge, Skr. सूर्क्षति (sūrkṣati), Ir. serg/, Lith. sirgti, Ltv. sirgt, Eng. sorg/sorrow, ON sorg, Alb. dergjet, OCS sraga, Russ. сорога (soroga), Toch. särk/sark, Arm. erk/erg |
| * | six | Arm. vec'/vec'/vec', Alb. gjashtë, Lith. šeši, Ltv. seši, Gaul. suex, Gm. sēhs/sechs, Eng. siex/six, Gk. heks, Av. xš.uuaš, Illyr. ses-, Ir. sé/sé, Kashmiri śe, Kamviri ṣu, Lat. sex, Oscan sehs, ON sex, Old Prussian usjai, Osset. æxsæz/æxsæz, Pers. /šeš, OCS šestĭ, Polish sześć, Russ. шесть (šest'), Skr. षष् (ṣaṣ), Toch. ṣäk/ṣkas, Umbrian sehs, Goth. saihs, Welsh chwech |
| *swonos- | to sound | Skr. स्वनति (svanati), Lat. sonāre, Eng. swan/swan, Gm. swan/Schwan, ON svanr, Av. xvanatčaxra, Ir. senim/seinm |
| *swordó- | black | Lat. sordēre, Eng. sweart/swarthy, Gm. swarz/schwarz, Goth. swarts, ON svartr, Lith. sartas |
| *syuh₁- | to sew | Skr. सीव्यति (sīvyati), Lat. suere, Eng. seowian/sew, Lith. siūti, Ltv. šūt, Russ. шить (šit'), Polish szyć, ON sýja, Goth. siujan, Gk. ὑμήν (humēn), Old Prussian schumeno, Gm. siuwen/Saum, OCS šijǫ, Hitt. suel |
| * | sun | Lat. sōl, Lith. saulė, Ltv. saule, Welsh haul, Gk. hēlios, Eng. sigel/—; sunne/sun, OCS slunice, Russ. солнце (solntse), Skr. सूर्य (sūrya), Av. hvarə, Gm. sunna/Sonne, ON sól; sunna, Goth. sauil; sunno, Welsh haul, Ir. súil/súil, Toch. swāñce/swāñco, Kamviri su, Polish słońce, Old Prussian saule, Pers. -farnah-/ |
| *sew- | press | See Soma; *sú(h₂)-nu- "son": Skr. सूनु (sūnu), Av. hunu, Lith. sūnus, Old Prussian sūnus, Eng. sunu/son, Gm. sunu/Sohn, Goth. sunus, ON sonr, OCS Russ. сын (syn), Polish syn, Gk. nios, Old Prussian soūns, Toch. se/soy, Ir. suth/suth, Thrac. sukis |
t
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *tag- | to touch | Eng. þaccian/, Gk. tetagōn/, Gaul. Taximagulus, Ir. taise/tais, Lat. tangere |
| *tark- | to twist | Skr. तर्कु (tarku), Old Prussian tarkue, Russ. торок (torok), Toch. tark/tärk, Gk. atraktos, Lat. torqueō, Gm. drahsil/drechseln, Alb. tjerr, Ir. /trochal, Welsh torri, Eng. þrǣstan/, Polish troki |
| *teh₂w- | to melt | OCS tajetŭ, Russ. таять (tajat'), Osset. thayun, Eng. þawian/thaw, Gm. thouwen/verdauen, Arm. t'anam, Gk. tēkō, Lat. tabēre, ON þeyja, Welsh tawdd, Ir. tám/, Skr. तोयम् (toyam), Lith. tyras, Ltv. tīrelis, Polish tajać |
| *temó- | dark | Skr. त्मस् (tamas), Lith. temti, Ltv. timt, Lat. tenebrae, Av. təmah, OCS tĭmĭnŭ, Russ. тёмный (tjomnyj), Ir. temel/, Gm. themar/Dämmerung, Polish ciemny, Alb. terr, Ir. temel/, Pers. /tār, Toch. /tamāsse, Illyr. Tomaros, Gk. Temmikes/ |
| * | thin | Lat. tenuis, Ir. tanae/tana, OCS tĭnŭkŭ, Russ. тонкий (tonkij), Skr. तनु (tanu), Gk. tanus, Eng. þynne/thin, Gm. thunni/dünn, Polish cienki, ON þunnr, Av. tanū, Pers. /tan, Lith. teva, Ltv. tievs |
| *tep- | warm | Alb. ftoh/ftof, Hitt. tapašša, Ir. té/, Welsh tan, ON þefr, Eng. þefian/, Skr. तपति (tapati), Av. tāpaiti, Pers. /tafte(h), Lat. tepēre, Polish ciepły, Russ. тёплый (tjoplyj), OCS teplostĭ |
| *ter / *tero | over, through | Eng. þurh/through, Gm. durh/durch, Goth. þaírh, Lat. trāns, Russ. через (čerez), Umbrian traf, Skr. तिरस् (tiras), Av. tarə, Ir. tar/, Welsh trimuceint |
| *ter- | to cross over | Gk. terthron, Alb. shtir, Hitt. tarḫzi, Skr. तरति (tarati), Gm. dremil/, Kamviri târa, Av. tar, Pers. viyatārayāma/, Osset. tærin, Illyr. Taros, Arm. t'arm, Lat. terminus, Umbrian termnome, Oscan teremenniú, ON þrǫmr |
| *ters- | dry | Skr. तृष्यति (tṛṣyati), Av. taršu, Arm. t'aṙamim, Gk. tersomai/, Alb. ter, Lat. terra; torrēre; torreō, Eng. þurst/thirst, Gm. durri/dürr, Goth. þaursus, ON þurr, Lith. trōkšti, Ir. tírim/tirim, Kashmiri treśiho.t |
| *teter- | ruigpoothoender | Oudnoords þiðurr ‘auerhoen’, Middeliers tethra ‘bonte kraai’, Russisch téterev ‘auerhoen’, Litouws tetervà, tetervas ‘auerhoen’, Oudgrieks tétaros ‘fazant’, tetráōn ‘auerhoen’, Armeens tetrak ‘tortel’, Perzisch tadharv ‘fazant’, Sanskriet tittirás ‘patrijs’ |
| *teut-eh₂- | tribe | Gaul. teuto, Oscan touto, Umbrian totam, Old Prussian tauto, Ir. túath/túath, Illyr. teuta, Hitt. tuzzi, Lyc. tuta, Lith. tauta, Ltv. tauta, Eng. þeoð/—, Gm. diutisc/Deutsch, Goth. þiuda, ON þjóð |
| *teḱs- | to plait | Lat. textō, Lith. tašau, Ltv. tešu, Gk. tektōn, Russ. тесла (tesla), Gm. dehsa/, Skr. तक्षति (takṣati), Av. tašaiti, Pers. ustašana/taš, OCS tešǫ, Hitt. takš, ON þexla, Ir. tál |
| *tḱei- | to settle | secondary root from ad + ḱei. Arm. šēm, Eng. hām/home, Gm. heim/Heim, ON heimr, Goth. heims, Gk. ktizō, Skr. क्षेति (kṣeti), Av. šaēiti, Lat. situs |
| *tong- | to think | Alb. tangë/tângë, Eng. þencan/think, Gm. thenken/denken, Lat. tongēo, Oscan tanginúd, ON þekkja, Toch. tuṅk/taṅkw, Goth. þangkjan |
| *treb- | dwelling | Lat. trabēs, Oscan trííbúm, Umbrian tremnu, Lith. troba, Ltv. traba, Eng. þorp/thorp, Gm. thorf/Dorf, Gk. teremnon, Welsh treb; tref, ON ðorp; þorp, Goth. þaúrp, Ir. díthrub/ |
| *treud- | to press | Lat. trūdō, Alb. treth, Welsh trym, Ir. tromm/trom, Eng. þrēat/threat, Gm. firthriogan/verdrießen, ON þrjóta, Goth. usþriutan, OCS trudŭ, Russ. труд (trud) |
| *trosdos | lijster | Engels thrush, Iers druid ‘spreeuw’, Latijn turdus, Litouws strãzdas, Russisch drozd, Oudgrieks stroûthos ‘mus, struisvogel’ |
| * tri- [prefix] | three | Arm. erek'/yerek'/yerek', Alb. tre/tre, Lith. trys, Ltv. trīs, Gaul. treis, Gm. drī/drei, Eng. þrēo/three, Gk. treis, Hitt. tri-, Av. θri, Illyr. tri-, Ir. treí/trí, Kashmiri tre, Lyc. trei, Kamviri tre, Oscan trís, ON þrír, Old Prussian tri, Osset. ærtæ/ærtæ, Pers. çi/se, OCS trĭje, Polish trzy, Russ. три (tri), Skr. त्रि (tri), Toch. tre/trai, Lat. trēs, Umbrian trif, Goth. þreis, Welsh tri, Phryg. thri- |
| *twék-o- | huid | Oudiers tucht ‘vorm’, Hettitisch tuekka- ‘lichaam’, Koerdisch twékl(e), Sanskriet tvác- (त्वचस्); misschien ook Oudgrieks sákos ‘een lederen schild’ |
| *télpo- | space | Skr. तल्प (talpa), Lith. tilpti; telpu, Ltv. tilpt; telpu, Russ. толпа (tolpa), Toch. tsälp/tälp, Ir. -tella/ |
| *tón-r̥- | thunder | Eng. þunor/thunder, ON þórr, Gm. Donar/Donner, Lat. tonāre, Skr. तन्यति (tanyati), Pers. /tundar, Pashto taṇā |
| *túH₁s-ont- | a massive number (-> thousand) |
Gm. þūsunt/tausend, Eng. þusend/thousand, Goth. þusundi, Lith. tūkstantis, Ltv. tūkstots, OCS tysǫšti, ON þúsund, Polish tysiąc, Russ. тысяча (tysjača), Toch. tumane/tmām |
w
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *uadʰ- | voor het gerecht binden | Nederlands wedde, Latijn vas (genitief vadis) ‘borg’, Litouws vãdas ‘pand, borg’, vadúoti ‘een pand inlossen’ |
| *ueh₂dʰ- ~ *uh₂dʰ- | doorheenlopen | Nederlands waden, Welsh godiwawd ‘liep voorbij’, Latijn vadum ‘doorwaadbare plaats’, vādere ‘(door)gaan, voortschrijden, oprukken’; misschien ook Albanees va ‘doorwaadbare plaats’ |
| *(H)ueh₂t- | (goddelijk) geïnspireerd | Nederlands woede, Oudiers fáith ‘dichter (met goddelijke inspiratie)’, Latijn vātēs ‘waarzegger, ziener; dichter’, Avestisch aipivat, Sanskriet api-vātayati ‘wekt de geest op’, apivatati ‘begrijpt’ |
| *uebʰ- | weven, vlechten | Nederlands weven, Tochaars A/B wäp/wāp, Oudgrieks huphaínein ‘weven’, Albanees venj ‘ik weef’, Perzisch bāftan ‘weven’, Sanskriet ūrṇavā́bhi ‘spin’, letterlijk ‘wol-weefster’, unap- ‘bindt samen’, ubhnāti (उभ्नाति) ‘samensnoeren’ |
| *(h₁)uóbʰ-s-h₂- | wesp | Oudengels wæps, Welsh gwchi ‘dar’, Latijn vespa, Litouws vapsvà, Russisch osá, Baloetsji gvabz |
| *wed | nat, vochtig | *uód-r̥- , genitief *uéd-n-s ‘water’: Nederlands water, Tochaars A/B wär/war, Oudiers uisce ‘water’, Umbrisch utur (ablatief une) ‘id.’, Latijn unda ‘golf’, Oudgrieks húdōr ‘water’, Hettitisch wātar (genitief wetenas) ‘id.’, Litouws vanduõ ‘id.’, Oudkerkslavisch voda ‘id.’, Albanees ujë ‘id.’, Armeens get ‘rivier’, Sanskriet udán- ‘water’ *ud-ro- ‘otter’: Nederlands otter, Oudiers odrán, Latijn lutra, Litouws ūdra(s), Russisch vydra, Oudgrieks hýdra, hýdros, Ossetisch wyrd, urdæ, Sanskriet udráḥ |
| *(H)ud-ér-o- | buik | Latijn uterus ‘baarmoeder’, Oudgrieks ýderos ‘waterzucht’, óderos ‘maag, buik’, Avestisch udarō.ϑrąsa- ‘gezicht omlaag’, Sanskriet udára- ‘buik, baarmoeder’; *(H)uedero: Litouws vė́deras, vė́daras ‘darm, buik’, Russisch vederó ‘vat’ |
| *wedʰ- | to lead | Russ. веду (vedu), Lith. vesti, Ltv. vads, Ir. fedid/fedim, Av. vāðayeiti, Hitt. uwate, OCS vedǫ, Polish wieść, Welsh arweddu, Old Prussian west |
| *h₂ueh₁- | waaien | Nederlands waaien, weer ~ weder ‘atmosferische gesteldheid’, wind, Oudiers féth ‘lucht’, Latijn ventus ‘wind’, Oudgrieks aẽnai ‘waaien’, āḗr ‘lucht’, áurā ‘briesje’, Litouws vė́jas ‘wind’, vė́tra, vidras ‘storm’, Oudkerkslavisch vějati ‘waaien, wannen’, vedro ‘mooi weer’, větrŭ ‘wind’, Avestisch vāiti ‘waaien’, Sanskriet vā́ti ‘waaien’ |
| *ueid- | zien, waarnemen, te weten komen | Nederlands weten, Oudiers find ‘wit’, adfiadat ‘zij vertellen’, Latijn vidēre ‘zien’, Oudgrieks eídesthai ‘(ver)schijnen’, ideĩn ‘ontwaren’, eidénai ‘weten, begrijpen’, oida ‘ik weet’, Litouws veizdėti ‘zien’, Oudkerkslavisch viděti ‘zien’, vědě ‘ik weet’, Armeens gitem ‘weten’, gtanem ‘vinden’, Sanskriet vidáti ‘weten’, véda ‘(gewijde) kennis’ |
| *ueik- | af-, uitscheiden | Nederlands wijden (ook wierook, wijwater), Oudnederlands wī ‘tempel’, Latijn victima ‘offer(dier)’, Oudlitouws viešpilas ‘heilige berg’, Avestisch avavaēk-, Sanskriet vinákti ‘scheidt, zeeft’ |
| *weik- | victory | Lith. veikti, Ltv. veikt, OCS vĕkŭ, Russ. век (vek), ON veig, Gm. wīgan/—, Ir. fichim/, Gaul. Ordovices, Welsh gwych, Eng. wīgan/—, Goth. weihan, Arm. vēg/vēk, Lat. vincere, Oscan vincter, Polish wiek |
| *weis- | to sprout | Lat. virēre; viridis, Eng. wīse/, Gm. wīsa/Wiese, ON vísir, Lith. veisti, Ltv. viest |
| *ueiḱ- | dorp | Oudnoords vé ‘huis, woning’, Gotisch weihs ‘dorp’, Latijn vīcus ‘dorp, wijk, woonplaats’, Oudgrieks oíkos ‘huis’, Litouws viešas, Oudkerkslavisch vĭsĭ ‘dorp’, Sanskriet viś-, vēśa ‘huis’ |
| *uekʷ- | spreken | Nederlands gewag, Tochaars A/B wak resp. wek ‘stem’, Oudiers faig ‘hij zeide’, foccul ‘woord’, Latijn vōx (genitief vōcis) ‘stem, geroep’, vocāre ‘roepen’, Oudgrieks épos (ἔπος) ‘gesproken woord’, Oudprussisch wackītwei ‘roepen’, Avestisch vačah, Sanskriet vāk ‘woord, rede’, vívakti ‘spreekt’ |
| *uelh₁- | kiezen | Nederlands willen, Oudhoogduits wellen ‘kiezen’, Latijn velle (perfectum voluī) ‘willen’, Oudgrieks (Dorisch) lên ‘id.’, Litouws vélti ‘willen’, vẽlyti ‘wensen, gunnen’, Oudkerkslavisch velěti ‘willen, bevelen’, voliti ‘kiezen, willen’, Avestisch -varətā ‘hij kiest’, Sanskriet vṛṇāti, vrṇīte, vṛṇōti ‘id.’ |
| *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ | wol | Nederlands wol, Welsh gwlân, Latijn lāna, Litouws vìlna, Russisch (dial.) vólna, Hettitisch ḫulana, Oudgrieks lḗnos ‘wollen, wollig’, Avestisch varənā, Sanskriet ū́rṇā (ऊर्णा) |
| *wem- | to vomit | Lat. vomere, Gk. ἐμέω (emeō), Skr. वमति (vamati), Av. vam, Lith. vemti, Ltv. vemt, ON váma, Old Prussian wynis, Pers. /vātāk |
| *uer- ~ *uor- | tegenhouden, afweren, redden | Nederlands weren, weer, Oudiers ferenn ‘gordel’, Latijn aperiō (< *apveriō) ‘openen’, operiō ‘sluiten’, Litouws àtveriù ‘openen’, Oudkerkslavisch vrĕti ‘sluiten’, Sanskriet vrnóti, varáyati ‘omringen, afweren’, várūtha- ‘beschermer’ |
| *uerh₃- | spreken | Middeliers fordat ‘zij zeggen’, Oudgrieks eírein ‘zeggen’, Avestisch urvāta- ‘bepaling, gebod’, Sanskriet vratá- ‘bevel, gelofte’; *uerdʰo- ~ *urdʰo-: Nederlands woord, Latijn verbum ‘woord, uiting, redevoering e.d.’, Litouws var̃das ‘woord, benaming’ |
| *wes- | to dress | Alb. vesh, Eng. werian/wear, Gm. werian/Wehr, Goth. wasjan, ON verja, Lat. vestis, Gk. ἐνδύομαι (enduomai), Arm. zgenum/zkenum, Skr. वस्ते (vaste), Av. vastē, Hitt. waš, Toch. wäs/wäs |
| *wes- | to feast | Hitt. weši, Lat. vescor, Av. vastra, Skr. अनुवावसे (anuvāvase), Welsh gwest, Gm. wist/, Ir. fíach/, Goth. wisan, ON vist, Eng. wesan/, Lith. švest, Polish wesele |
| *uet- | jaar | Latijn vetus ‘oud’, Oudgrieks étos, Hettitisch uitt, Albanees vit, (dial.) vjet; *uet-so-: Sanskriet vatsá (वत्स) ‘kalf, jaarling’, Ossetisch wæs ‘id.’, Albanees viç; *uet-ro-: Nederlands weer ‘gesneden ram’, Oudiers feis ‘zwijn, zeug’, Latijn vitulus ‘kalf’, Oudgrieks étalon, Litouws vetušas ‘oud’, Oudkerkslavisch vetŭchŭ ‘oud’ |
| *ueǵ- | levendig worden | Nederlands waken, Tochaars AB wásir ‘bliksem’, Latijn vigēre ‘levendig zijn, krachtig zijn’, vigil(is) ‘wakker, waakzaam’, vegēre ‘in beroering brengen’, Avestisch vazra, Sanskriet vā́ja- ‘kracht’, vājáyayi ‘spoort aan’ |
| *ueǵʰ- | zweven, drijven; rijden, vervoeren | Nederlands wegen, Oudiers fecht ‘keer, gang; expeditie’, Latijn vehere ‘vervoeren’, vehiculum ‘voertuig, wagen’, Oudgrieks okheĩn ‘vervoeren’, Litouws vèžti ‘vervoeren, leiden’, Oudkerkslavisch vesti, voziti ‘vervoeren’, Albanees vjedh ‘stelen’, Avestisch vazaiti ‘rijdt’, Sanskriet váhati ‘vloeit, stroomt; rijdt’ |
| *h₁ui (uit *dui- ‘in tweeën’) | uit elkaar | Sanskriet ví- ‘uit elkaar’, Avestisch vī-, vi-, vy- ‘uit elkander; terzijde, gescheiden van’; Oudengels wiþ ‘tegen, tegenover e.d.’, Latijn vitium ‘gebrek’, Litouws vìsas ‘alle’, Oudkerkslavisch vĭsĭ ‘al(les)’; Nederlands weer ‘opnieuw’, Osl vŭtorŭ ‘tweede’, Skr vitarám ‘verder’, Avest vītarəm ‘zijwaarts, terzijde’ |
| *wiH₁-ḱm̥t-íH₁ | twenty | Lat. vīgintī, Arm. k'san, Alb. njëzet/njizet, Gaul. vocontio, Gk. eikosi, Av. visaiti, Ir. fiche/fiche, Kashmiri vuh, Pers. /bēst, Kamviri vici, Skr. विङ्शति (viṅśati), Toch. wiki/ikäṃ, Welsh ugain |
| *uinǵʰ- | iep, olm | Oudengels wīce ‘ruwe iep’, Litouws vìnkšna, Russisch vjaz (вяз), Albanees vidh, Koerdisch viz; misschien ook Ossetisch wisqæd ‘esdoorn’ |
| *worn- | kraai | Tochaars B wrauña, Bretons bran, Litouws várna, Russisch vóron ‘raaf’ |
| *wréh₂ds- | wortel | Middelnederlands wort(e) ‘kruid, plant’, Tochaars B witsako, Welsh gwraidd, Latijn rādix, Oudgrieks rhíza ‘wortel’, rhā́dīx ‘tak’, Albanees rrënjë |
| *wĺ̥kʷos | wolf | Nederlands wolf, Tochaars B walkwe, Latijn lupus, Litouws vil̃kas, Russisch volk (волк), Oudgrieks lýkos, Oudalbanees ulk, Avestisch vəhrka, Sanskriet vṛ́kaḥ (वृक) |
| *ur̥mis | worm | Nederlands worm, Latijn vermis, Litouws var̃mas ‘mug, vlieg’, Oudrussisch vérmije ‘gewormte, insecten’, Albanees rrime ‘regenworm’, Oudgrieks rhómos ‘houtworm’ |
y
bewerken| wortel | betekenis | reflexen |
|---|---|---|
| *ieǵ- | ijs | Oudengels gicel ‘ijspegel’, Middeliers aig ‘ijs’, Hettitisch ekunaš ‘koud, koel’, Litouws ižas ‘stuk ijs’, yžià ‘driftijs’ |
| *Hiekʷ-r/n- | lever | Middeliers iuchair ‘viskuit’, Latijn iecur, Oudgrieks hḗpar (ἥπαρ), Litouws (dial.) jẽknos (v., mv), jekanas (m.), Russisch ikrá (икра) ‘kuit, kaviaar’, Avestisch yakarə, Sanskriet yákṛt (यकृत्) |
| *ieh₁-ro- | jaar, jaargetijde | Ndl jaar, Oudgrieks hōra (ὤρα) ‘seizoen, tijdstip, uur’, Latijn hōrnus ‘van dit jaar’, Litouws ė́ras, (dial.) jė́ras ‘lam’, Servo-Kroatisch jȁre ‘lente’, Avestisch yārə ‘jaar’, Luwisch āra/i- ‘id.’ |
| *iugóm- | juk | Ndl juk, Tochaars A yokäm ‘deur’, Welsh iau, Latijn jugum, Grieks zugón (ζυγόν), Hettitisch yukan, yugan, Lets jūgs, Russisch ígo, Perzisch yuğ, Sanskriet yugá- (युग) |
| *h₁ienh₂tēr | broers zus, schoonzus(ter) | Latijn ianitrīcēs, Oudgrieks enátēr, Oudlitouws jentė (mod. ìntė), Russisch dial. jatrovʹ, Oudarmeens nēr, Perzisch jārī, yārī, Sanskriet yā́tṛ ‘vrouw van de echtgenoot's broer’ |
Talen en taalafkortingen
bewerken- Alb.: Albanees (Toskisch/Gegisch)
- Anatolische talen
- Hitt. Hettitisch
- Arm.: Armeens (Oudarmeens/Oost-Armeens/West-Armeens)
- Baltische talen
- Lit.: Litouws
- Lets
- Oprus.: Oudpruisisch
- Keltische talen
- Germaanse talen
- Dt.: Duits (Oudhoogduits/Hoogduits)
- En: Engels, (Oudengels/Nieuwengels)
- On: Oudnoords
- Got: Gotisch
- Gk.: Grieks (Oudgrieks/Nieuwgrieks)
- Indo-Iraanse talen
- Italische talen
- Slavische talen
- Osl: Kerkslavisch
- Russ.: Russisch
- Pools
- Toch.: Tochaars
- Venetisch
- Dacisch
- Frygisch
- XMK: Oud-Macedonisch
- Illyr.: Illyrisch
- Thracisch
Literatuur
bewerken- Carl Darling Buck, A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages: A contribution to the history of ideas, University of Chicago Press; Reprint edition (June 15, 1988) - ISBN 0226079376
- Michiel de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Leiden: Brill, 2009.
- Guus Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden: Brill, 2013.
- J. P. Mallory en D. Q. Adams (reds.), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Londen: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1997.
- J. P. Mallory en D. Q. Adams, The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
- Marlies Philippa e.a., Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands (EWN), Amsterdam: UvA, 2003-2009.
- Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW), 2 dln. Tübingen-Bern-München: A. Francke, 1957/1969 (4de herdruk, 2005).
- Helmut Rix e.a., Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (LIV), 2de druk, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 2001 (1st druk, 1998).
- Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European roots, 2de druk, Houghton Mifflin, 2000 - ISBN 0395986109
- Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger en Carolin Schneider, Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon (NIL), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2008.